美国增强塑料和复合材料行业中接触苯乙烯的工人呼吸系统、泌尿生殖系统和神经系统非恶性疾病的死亡率。

Mortality from nonmalignant diseases of the respiratory, genitourinary and nervous systems among workers exposed to styrene in the reinforced plastics and composites industry in the United States.

作者信息

Wong O, Trent L S

机构信息

Applied Health Sciences, Inc, San Mateo, California 94401, United States.

出版信息

Scand J Work Environ Health. 1999 Aug;25(4):317-25. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.441.

DOI:10.5271/sjweh.441

PMID:10505657

Abstract

OBJECTIVES

Mortality from diseases of the nervous system and nonmalignant diseases of the respiratory and genitourinary systems was examined for workers exposed to styrene.

METHODS

Altogether 15,826 styrene-exposed workers in 30 plants in the reinforced plastics and composites industry were included. Vital status was ascertained through 31 December 1989. Individual exposure estimates were developed based on job functions, existing industrial hygiene data, process changes, engineering controls, work practices, and the use of personal protective equipment. Analyses were based on cause-specific standardized mortality ratios (SMR) and the Cox proportional hazards model. Mortality data were analyzed by latency, duration of exposure, average exposure, cumulative exposure, and process category.

RESULTS

For diseases of the nervous system, the SMR was 0.56 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.31-0.95]. Mortality from nonmalignant genitourinary diseases was not increased (SMR 0.87, 95% CI 0.46-1.50). Latency, duration of exposure, average exposure, cumulative exposure, and process category showed no association between styrene exposure and these 2 types of disease. A small increase in mortality from nonmalignant respiratory diseases was found (SMR 1.21, 95% CI 0.98-1.47), mainly due to "other nonmalignant respiratory diseases" (SMR 1.40, 95% CI 1.04-1.84). The highest increase occurred for short exposure duration (SMR 1.79 for <1 year's exposure) or low exposure (SMR 2.15 for <10 ppm-years); there were no increased risks in the high exposure categories. The Cox proportional hazard model revealed no association between styrene exposure and the diseases.

CONCLUSIONS

No relationship was found between mortality from any of the diseases examined and any of the styrene exposure indices. The findings were compared with those reported in a European study of styrene-exposed workers.

摘要

目的

对接触苯乙烯的工人的神经系统疾病以及呼吸和泌尿生殖系统非恶性疾病的死亡率进行了研究。

方法

纳入了增强塑料和复合材料行业30家工厂的15826名接触苯乙烯的工人。通过1989年12月31日确定生命状态。根据工作职能、现有的工业卫生数据、工艺变化、工程控制、工作实践以及个人防护设备的使用情况，对个体接触情况进行了评估。分析基于特定病因的标准化死亡比（SMR）和Cox比例风险模型。死亡率数据按潜伏期、接触持续时间、平均接触量、累积接触量和工艺类别进行分析。

结果

对于神经系统疾病，SMR为0.56[95%置信区间（95%CI）0.31 - 0.95]。非恶性泌尿生殖系统疾病的死亡率没有增加（SMR 0.87，95%CI 0.46 - 1.50）。潜伏期、接触持续时间、平均接触量、累积接触量和工艺类别显示苯乙烯接触与这两种疾病之间没有关联。发现非恶性呼吸系统疾病的死亡率略有增加（SMR 1.21，95%CI 0.98 - 1.47），主要是由于“其他非恶性呼吸系统疾病”（SMR 1.40，95%CI 1.04 - 1.84）。最高的增加发生在接触持续时间短（接触<1年时SMR为1.79）或低接触量（<10 ppm - 年时SMR为2.15）的情况下；高接触类别中没有增加的风险。Cox比例风险模型显示苯乙烯接触与这些疾病之间没有关联。