Schoof R A, Yost L J, Eickhoff J, Crecelius E A, Cragin D W, Meacher D M, Menzel D B
Exponent, Bellevue, WA, USA.
Food Chem Toxicol. 1999 Aug;37(8):839-46. doi: 10.1016/s0278-6915(99)00073-3.
Dietary arsenic intake estimates based on surveys of total arsenic concentrations appear to be dominated by intake of the relatively non-toxic, organic arsenic forms found in seafood. Concentrations of inorganic arsenic in food have not been not well characterized. Accurate dietary intake estimates for inorganic arsenic are needed to support studies of arsenic's status as an essential nutrient, and to establish background levels of exposure to inorganic arsenic. In the market basket survey reported here, 40 commodities anticipated to provide at least 90% of dietary inorganic arsenic intake were identified. Four samples of each commodity were collected. Total arsenic was analysed using an NaOH digestion and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Separate aliquots were analysed for arsenic species using an HCl digestion and hydride atomic absorption spectroscopy. Consistent with earlier studies, total arsenic concentrations (all concentrations reported as elemental arsenic per tissue wet weight) were highest in the seafoods sampled (ranging from 160 ng/g in freshwater fish to 2360 ng/g in saltwater fish). In contrast, average inorganic arsenic in seafood ranged from less than 1 ng/g to 2 ng/g. The highest inorganic arsenic values were found in raw rice (74 ng/g), followed by flour (11 ng/g), grape juice (9 ng/g) and cooked spinach (6 ng/g). Thus, grains and produce are expected to be significant contributors to dietary inorganic arsenic intake.
基于总砷浓度调查得出的膳食砷摄入量估计值，似乎主要受海鲜中相对无毒的有机砷形态的摄入量影响。食品中无机砷的浓度尚未得到充分表征。需要准确估计无机砷的膳食摄入量，以支持关于砷作为必需营养素地位的研究，并确定无机砷的背景暴露水平。在本文报道的市场篮子调查中，确定了40种预计能提供至少90%膳食无机砷摄入量的商品。每种商品采集了4个样本。采用氢氧化钠消解和电感耦合等离子体质谱法分析总砷。使用盐酸消解和氢化物原子吸收光谱法对单独的等分试样进行砷形态分析。与早期研究一致，所采集的海鲜中总砷浓度（所有浓度均以每组织湿重的元素砷表示）最高（淡水鱼中为160纳克/克，海水鱼中为2360纳克/克）。相比之下，海鲜中的无机砷平均含量在不到1纳克/克至2纳克/克之间。无机砷含量最高的值出现在生米中（74纳克/克），其次是面粉（11纳克/克）、葡萄汁（9纳克/克）和煮熟的菠菜（6纳克/克）。因此，谷物和农产品预计是膳食无机砷摄入量的重要贡献者。
