Defining the structural domain of subunit II of the heme-copper terminal oxidase using chimeric enzymes constructed from the Escherichia coli bo-type ubiquinol oxidase and the thermophilic Bacillus caa(3)-type cytochrome c oxidase.

To probe the location of the quinol oxidation site and physical interactions for inter-subunit electron transfer, we constructed and characterized two chimeric oxidases in which subunit II (CyoA) of cytochrome bo-type ubiquinol oxidase from Escherichia coli was replaced with the counterpart (CaaA) of caa(3)-type cytochrome c oxidase from thermophilic Bacillus PS3. In pHNchi5, the C-terminal hydrophilic domain except a connecting region as to transmembrane helix II of CyoA was replaced with the counterpart of CaaA, which carries the Cu(A) site and cytochrome c domain. The resultant chimeric oxidase was detected immunochemically and spectroscopically, and the turnover numbers for Q(1)H(2) (ubiquinol-1) and TMPD (N,N, N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine) oxidation were 28 and 8.5 s(-1), respectively. In pHNchi6, the chimeric oxidase was designed to carry a minimal region of the cupredoxin fold containing all the Cu(A) ligands, and showed enzymatic activities of 65 and 5.1 s(-1), and an expression level better than that of pHNchi5. Kinetic analyses proved that the apparent lower turnover of the chimeric enzyme by pHNchi6 was due to the higher K(m) of the enzyme for Q(1)H(2) (220 microM) than that of cytochrome bo (48 microM), while in the enzyme by pHNchi5, both substrate-binding and internal electron transfer were perturbed. These results suggest that the connecting region and the C-terminal alpha(1)-alpha(2)-beta(11)-alpha(3) domain of CyoA are involved in the quinol oxidation and/or physical interactions for inter-subunit electron transfer, supporting our previous proposal [Sato-Watanabe, M., Mogi, T., Miyoshi, H., and Anraku, Y. (1998) Biochemistry 37, 12744-12752]. The close relationship of E. coli quinol oxidases to cytochrome c oxidase of Gram-positive bacteria like Bacillus was also indicated.