Schott D, Ho J, Pruyne D, Bretscher A
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
J Cell Biol. 1999 Nov 15;147(4):791-808. doi: 10.1083/jcb.147.4.791.
MYO2 encodes a type V myosin heavy chain needed for the targeting of vacuoles and secretory vesicles to the growing bud of yeast. Here we describe new myo2 alleles containing conditional lethal mutations in the COOH-terminal tail domain. Within 5 min of shifting to the restrictive temperature, the polarized distribution of secretory vesicles is abolished without affecting the distribution of actin or the mutant Myo2p, showing that the tail has a direct role in vesicle targeting. We also show that the actin cable-dependent translocation of Myo2p to growth sites does not require secretory vesicle cargo. Although a fusion protein containing the Myo2p tail also concentrates at growth sites, this accumulation depends on the polarized delivery of secretory vesicles, implying that the Myo2p tail binds to secretory vesicles. Most of the new mutations alter a region of the Myo2p tail conserved with vertebrate myosin Vs but divergent from Myo4p, the myosin V involved in mRNA transport, and genetic data suggest that the tail interacts with Smy1p, a kinesin homologue, and Sec4p, a vesicle-associated Rab protein. The data support a model in which the Myo2p tail tethers secretory vesicles, and the motor transports them down polarized actin cables to the site of exocytosis.
MYO2编码一种V型肌球蛋白重链,它是将液泡和分泌囊泡靶向运输到酵母生长芽所必需的。在此,我们描述了新的myo2等位基因,其在COOH末端尾巴结构域含有条件致死突变。在转移到限制温度后的5分钟内,分泌囊泡的极性分布被消除,而肌动蛋白或突变型Myo2p的分布不受影响,这表明尾巴在囊泡靶向运输中具有直接作用。我们还表明,Myo2p依赖肌动蛋白电缆向生长位点的转运不需要分泌囊泡货物。尽管含有Myo2p尾巴的融合蛋白也集中在生长位点,但这种积累依赖于分泌囊泡的极性运输,这意味着Myo2p尾巴与分泌囊泡结合。大多数新突变改变了Myo2p尾巴中与脊椎动物肌球蛋白V保守但与参与mRNA运输的肌球蛋白V Myo4p不同的区域,遗传数据表明尾巴与驱动蛋白同源物Smy1p和囊泡相关的Rab蛋白Sec4p相互作用。这些数据支持了一个模型,即Myo2p尾巴拴系分泌囊泡,而马达将它们沿着极性肌动蛋白电缆运输到胞吐作用位点。