Chapman-Novakofski K, Brewer M S, Riskowski J, Burkowski C, Winter L
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 1999 Dec;99(12):1536-41. doi: 10.1016/S0002-8223(99)00377-6.
Weight loss is a common occurrence in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and efforts to increase energy intake are often unsuccessful. The objectives of this study were to determine if there were any taste threshold differences between normal-weight and underweight men with COPD, and to determine if there was any association between absolute and recognition taste thresholds and biochemical data associated with COPD.
Cross-sectional comparative.
SUBJECTS/SETTING: Potential subjects were identified by their physicians. Forty-six men were willing and eligible to participate. Subjects were given sets of triangle taste tests for 4 tastants: sweet, salty, bitter, and sour. Additional information collected included health history data and biochemical data. Subjects were classified as underweight or normal weight for comparison.
Independent t tests and one-way analysis of variance were used to determine differences between persons in the underweight (n = 17) and normal-weight (n = 29) groups, and the influence of confounding variables. Bivariate correlations were used to determine associations between tastant thresholds and biochemical indexes for the entire group (N = 46). Stepwise regression analysis was used to determine significant variables in prediction of thresholds of the 4 tastants for the entire group (N = 46).
Underweight subjects had a significantly higher bitter taste threshold than normal-weight subjects (5.76 vs 5.10, P = .016). A significant negative correlation was found between absolute bitter and bicarbonate (r = -.39, P = .01) and PCO2 (r = -.34, P = .02). A significant regression equation for absolute bitter taste threshold was determined (P = .011) on the basis of bicarbonate values; and upon body mass index for bitter taste recognition threshold (P = .031).
Recognition that patients with COPD may have alterations in taste that are associated with weight status and/or biochemical status can guide dietitians in their recommendations for meal plans targeting individual weight goals.
体重减轻在慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）中很常见，增加能量摄入的努力往往不成功。本研究的目的是确定体重正常和体重过轻的COPD男性之间是否存在味觉阈值差异，并确定绝对味觉阈值和识别味觉阈值与COPD相关生化数据之间是否存在关联。
横断面比较研究。
研究对象/研究地点：由医生确定潜在研究对象。46名男性愿意且符合参与条件。对研究对象进行了针对4种味觉剂（甜、咸、苦、酸）的三角味觉测试。收集的其他信息包括健康史数据和生化数据。将研究对象分为体重过轻或体重正常组进行比较。
采用独立t检验和单因素方差分析来确定体重过轻组（n = 17）和体重正常组（n = 29）之间的差异以及混杂变量的影响。采用双变量相关性分析来确定整个研究组（N = 46）味觉剂阈值与生化指标之间的关联。采用逐步回归分析来确定整个研究组（N = 46）中预测4种味觉剂阈值的显著变量。
体重过轻的研究对象苦味阈值显著高于体重正常的研究对象（5.76对5.10，P = .016）。发现绝对苦味阈值与碳酸氢盐（r = -.39，P = .01）和二氧化碳分压（r = -.34，P = .02）之间存在显著负相关。基于碳酸氢盐值确定了绝对苦味阈值的显著回归方程（P = .011）；基于体重指数确定了苦味识别阈值的回归方程（P = .031）。
认识到COPD患者的味觉可能会发生与体重状况和/或生化状况相关的改变，这可以指导营养师针对个体体重目标制定饮食计划的建议。
