Anders G, Flubacher M
Environ Qual Saf Suppl. 1975;4:123-8.
Paper samples mass whitened with fluorescent whiteing agents (FWAs) of three different types (di-, tetra-, and hexasulfonated derivatives of 4,4'-diaminostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid) were examined for bleed fastness in five different eluents. Fluorescece intensity was measured by a sensitive spectrofluorimetric technique instead of the usual visual assessment. The degree of bleed obtained from each of the FWAs tested was less than 0.4mg/600 cm2 of paper surface area. The FWAs were applied at a normal concentration of use i.e. 0.05% active substance. FWAs with a high degree of sulfonation tend to bleed in aqueous solvents, and those with a lower degree of sulfonation in alcohol solutions. In aqueous acid solutions the degree of bleed was very low in all cases (0.04 mg/600 cm2 of paper surface area). In fatty solutions there was no bleed at all. The limit of detection was 3mug/600 cm2 of paper surface area, with an accuracy of +/-15%.
对用三种不同类型（4,4'-二氨基芪-2,2'-二磺酸的二磺化、四磺化和六磺化衍生物）的荧光增白剂（FWAs）增白的纸张样品在五种不同洗脱液中的渗色牢度进行了检测。采用灵敏的荧光分光光度技术测量荧光强度，而不是通常的目视评估。所测试的每种FWA的渗色程度均小于0.4mg/600 cm²的纸张表面积。FWA以正常使用浓度即0.05%活性物质进行应用。磺化程度高的FWA在水性溶剂中容易渗色，而磺化程度低的在醇溶液中渗色。在酸性水溶液中，所有情况下渗色程度都非常低（0.04 mg/600 cm²的纸张表面积）。在脂肪溶液中根本没有渗色。检测限为3μg/600 cm²的纸张表面积，准确度为±15%。
