Goodson J L, Bass A H
Department of Neurobiology and Behaviour, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
Nature. 2000 Feb 17;403(6771):769-72. doi: 10.1038/35001581.
The peptide arginine-vasopressin (mammals) and its evolutionary precursor arginine-vasotocin (non-mammals) modulate reproductive physiology and numerous related social behaviours, as do oxytocin (mammals) and its homologues mesotocin and isotocin (fish). The distributions in the brain and/or the behavioural functions of these peptides often differ between the sexes, and between species with divergent social structures. Here we present neurophysiological evidence that males with vocal characteristics typical of females share a pattern of neuropeptide function with females rather than conspecific males. The plainfin midshipman fish (Porichthys notatus) has two male morphs with different reproductive tactics and vocalizations (a key species-typical behaviour which varies in its physical attributes and contextual usage, depending on the morph's social strategy). Forebrain-evoked, rhythmic vocal-motor activity that precisely mimics natural vocalizations was modulated by arginine-vasotocin, isotocin and their antagonists delivered to the preoptic area-anterior hypothalamus, a primary site for behavioural integration in all vertebrates. Peptides had different effects in males that acoustically court females (arginine-vasotocin-sensitive) than in females and sneak-spawning males (isotocin-sensitive), showing that the neuromodulatory mechanisms that establish reproduction-related behaviour can be dissociated from gonadal sex.
肽类精氨酸加压素（哺乳动物）及其进化前体精氨酸催产素（非哺乳动物）可调节生殖生理和许多相关的社会行为，催产素（哺乳动物）及其同系物中催产素和异催产素（鱼类）也有此作用。这些肽类在大脑中的分布和/或行为功能在性别之间以及具有不同社会结构的物种之间往往存在差异。在此，我们提供神经生理学证据表明，具有典型雌性发声特征的雄性与雌性而非同种雄性具有相同的神经肽功能模式。平头后肛鱼（Porichthys notatus）有两种具有不同繁殖策略和发声方式的雄性形态（一种关键的物种典型行为，其物理属性和情境使用因形态的社会策略而异）。通过将精氨酸催产素、异催产素及其拮抗剂注入视前区 - 下丘脑前部（所有脊椎动物行为整合的主要部位），可调节精确模仿自然发声的前脑诱发的节律性发声运动活动。肽类对通过声音求偶的雄性（对精氨酸催产素敏感）的作用与对雌性和偷产雄性（对异催产素敏感）的作用不同，这表明建立与繁殖相关行为的神经调节机制可以与性腺性别分离。
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