Kaya B, Yanikoglu A, Creus A, Marcos R
Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey.
Mutat Res. 2000 Feb 16;465(1-2):77-84. doi: 10.1016/s1383-5718(99)00214-4.
Four triazine herbicides: amitrole, metribuzin, prometryn and terbutryn, and the bipyridal compound diquat dibromide have been evaluated for genotoxicity in the wing somatic mutation and recombination test of Drosophila melanogaster, following standard procedures. Third-instar larvae trans-heterozygous for the third chromosome recessive markers multiple wing hairs (mwh) and flare-3 (flr(3)) were chronically fed with different concentrations of the test compounds. Feeding ended with pupation of the surviving larvae. Genetic changes induced in somatic cells of the wing's imaginal discs lead to the formation of mutant clones on the wing blade. Point mutation, chromosome breakage and mitotic recombination produce single spots; while twin spots are produced only by mitotic recombination. Exposure to 0.5 mM and 1 mM of amitrole clearly increased the frequency of small single, large single and total spots. Terbutryn, at the concentration of 5 mM, induced a slight increase in the frequency of small single and total spots, but this result could be false positive. The other three herbicides tested did not show any genotoxic effect. When heterozygous larvae for mwh and the multiple inverted TM3 balancer chromosomes were treated, significant increases in the frequency of mutant spots were only detected for amitrole. The observed spot frequencies were lower than those found in mwh/flr(3)50%) of the total spot induction was due to mitotic recombination.
按照标准程序，对四种三嗪类除草剂：杀草强、嗪草酮、扑灭通和特丁净，以及联吡啶类化合物敌草快二溴盐进行了黑腹果蝇翅体细胞突变和重组试验中的遗传毒性评估。用不同浓度的受试化合物长期喂养第三染色体隐性标记多翅毛（mwh）和flare - 3（flr(3)）的三龄转杂合幼虫。当存活幼虫化蛹时停止喂养。翅成虫盘体细胞中诱导的遗传变化会导致在翅叶片上形成突变克隆。点突变、染色体断裂和有丝分裂重组产生单个斑点；而双斑点仅由有丝分裂重组产生。暴露于0.5 mM和1 mM的杀草强明显增加了小单斑点、大单斑点和总斑点的频率。特丁净在5 mM浓度下，小单斑点和总斑点频率略有增加，但该结果可能为假阳性。所测试的其他三种除草剂未显示出任何遗传毒性作用。当用mwh和多重倒位TM3平衡染色体的杂合幼虫进行处理时，仅对杀草强检测到突变斑点频率有显著增加。观察到的斑点频率低于在mwh/flr(3)杂合子中观察到的频率。在总斑点诱导中，超过50%是由于有丝分裂重组导致的。
