Ying G G, Williams B
Department of Environmental Science & Management, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, Australia.
J Environ Sci Health B. 2000 Mar;35(2):121-41. doi: 10.1080/03601230009373259.
Norflurazon, oxadiazon, oxyfluorfen, trifluralin and simazine are herbicides widely used in the vineyards of the Barossa Valley, South Australia. The leaching behaviour of norflurazon, oxadiazon, oxyfluorfen and trifluralin was investigated on four key soils in the Barossa Valley. Leaching potential on packed soil columns and actual mobility using intact soil columns were investigated. On the packed soil columns, norflurazon was the most leachable herbicide. More of the herbicides were detected in the leachates from the sandy soils (Mountadam and Nuriootpa) than from the clayey soils (Lyndoch and Tanunda). Organic matter is generally low in soils in the Barossa region. Porosity and saturated conductivity significantly affect herbicide movement and in the sandy Mountadam and Nuriootpa soils, the water flux is greater than for the higher clay content Lyndoch and Tanunda soils. Increasing the time interval between herbicide application and the incidence of "rainfall" reduced the amounts of herbicides found in the leachates. The use of intact soil columns and including simazine for comparison showed that both norflurazon and simazine were present in the leachates. Simazine was the first herbicide to appear in leachates. Sectioning of the intact soil columns after leaching clearly demonstrated that norflurazon and simazine reached the bottom of the soil columns for all soils studied. Greater amounts of norflurazon were retained in the soil columns compared with simazine. The other herbicides were mostly retained in the initial sections of the soil columns.
去草净、恶草酮、乙氧氟草醚、氟乐灵和西玛津是在南澳大利亚巴罗萨谷葡萄园广泛使用的除草剂。对巴罗萨谷的四种关键土壤中去草净、恶草酮、乙氧氟草醚和氟乐灵的淋溶行为进行了研究。研究了在填充土柱上的淋溶潜力以及使用原状土柱的实际迁移情况。在填充土柱上，去草净是最易淋溶的除草剂。从沙质土壤（芒塔丹和努里奥帕）的渗滤液中检测到的除草剂比从黏质土壤（林多克和塔南达）中更多。巴罗萨地区土壤中的有机质含量通常较低。孔隙度和饱和导水率显著影响除草剂的迁移，在沙质的芒塔丹和努里奥帕土壤中，水流通量大于黏土含量较高的林多克和塔南达土壤。增加除草剂施用与“降雨”发生之间的时间间隔可减少渗滤液中发现的除草剂数量。使用原状土柱并将西玛津纳入比较表明，去草净和西玛津都存在于渗滤液中。西玛津是最早出现在渗滤液中的除草剂。淋溶后对原状土柱进行切片清楚地表明，在所研究的所有土壤中，去草净和西玛津都到达了土柱底部。与西玛津相比，更多的去草净保留在土柱中。其他除草剂大多保留在土柱的初始部分。
