Dimroth P
Mikrobiologisches Institut, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, ETH-Zentrum, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland.
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2000 May 31;1458(2-3):374-86. doi: 10.1016/s0005-2728(00)00088-8.
ATP, the universal carrier of cell energy is manufactured from ADP and phosphate by the enzyme ATP synthase using the energy stored in a transmembrane ion gradient. The two components of the ion gradient (DeltapH or DeltapNa(+)) and the electrical potential difference Deltapsi are thermodynamically but not kinetically equivalent. In contrast to accepted wisdom, the electrical component is kinetically indispensable not only for bacterial ATP synthases but also for that from chloroplasts. Recent biochemical studies with the Na(+)-translocating ATP synthase of Propionigenium modestum have given a good idea of the ion translocation pathway in the F(0) motor. Taken together with biophysical data, the operating principles of the motor have been delineated.
三磷酸腺苷（ATP）作为细胞能量的通用载体，由三磷酸腺苷合酶利用跨膜离子梯度中储存的能量，从二磷酸腺苷（ADP）和磷酸合成而来。离子梯度的两个组成部分（ΔpH或ΔNa⁺）和电势差Δψ在热力学上是等效的，但在动力学上并非如此。与普遍观点相反，电成分不仅对于细菌的ATP合酶，而且对于叶绿体中的ATP合酶在动力学上都是不可或缺的。最近对嗜盐栖热菌的Na⁺转运ATP合酶进行的生化研究，已经很好地了解了F₀马达中的离子转运途径。结合生物物理数据，已经阐明了该马达的工作原理。
