Vasopressin increases [Ca(2+)](i) in differentiated astrocytes by activation of V1b/V3 receptors but has no effect in mature cortical neurons.

Vasopressin (AVP) plays an important role in regulation of astrocytic, but not neuronal, water content and cell volume during hydro-osmotic challenge. To investigate the intracellular mechanism(s) signaling this response, Ca(2+) was measured fluorometrically in cultured cerebrocortical astrocytes and neurons, obtained from neonatal and fetal mouse brains, and matured during the culturing period. In astrocytes, Ca(2+) increased with an EC(50) of between 10(-10) and 10(-9) M AVP, the maximum increase was approximately 100 nM, and the response was independent of extracellular Ca(2+), identifying the receptor as being of the V1b/V3 subtype. In contrast, AVP had no effect on Ca(2+) in cortical neurons. This cellular difference is consistent with the ability of AVP to increase water permeability in astrocytes but not in neurons.