Swain D P
Wellness Institute and Research Center, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529-0196, USA.
Sports Med. 2000 Jul;30(1):17-22. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200030010-00002.
Recent research has resulted in a number of recommended changes in how fitness professionals should prescribe target workloads and calculate the energy cost of exercise. The principal changes are in the use of oxygen consumption reserve (VO2R) as an alternative to percentage of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) for prescribing exercise intensity, the use of net VO2 rather than gross VO2 for the calculation of caloric expenditure during exercise, and a modification of the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) equation for calculating the oxygen cost of leg cycle ergometry. The VO2R method of prescribing exercise workloads is similar to the heart rate reserve (HRR) method of prescribing target heart rates, i.e. the target workload is established at a given percentage of the difference between maximal and resting VO2. Several recent studies have shown that there is a discrepancy between the exercise intensity at given percentages of HRR and VO2max, but that HRR and VO2R yield equivalent exercise intensities. The use of VO2R in exercise prescription provides more accurate target workloads, especially for individuals with a low fitness level. Net VO2 during exercise is that amount above resting VO2 due to the exercise itself. A recent recommendation is to employ net VO2 in the calculation of the caloric expenditure during exercise, so as not to overestimate potential bodyweight loss. Several recent studies of leg cycling ergometry have yielded equations for the estimation of VO2 that include a term for unloaded cycling, i.e. the oxygen cost of moving the legs against zero resistance. The equations from these studies provide more accurate estimations of cycling VO2 than the existing ACSM equation, and a new standardised equation has been developed and adopted by the ACSM. The new equation is especially useful for improving the accuracy of VO2 estimates during low intensity leg cycle ergometry. The ACSM equation for bench stepping has also been modified to include a term for resting metabolism.
最近的研究带来了一些关于健身专业人员应如何规定目标工作量以及计算运动能量消耗的建议性变化。主要变化包括：使用摄氧量储备（VO2R）替代最大摄氧量百分比（VO2max）来规定运动强度；在计算运动期间的热量消耗时使用净VO2而非总VO2；以及对美国运动医学学院（ACSM）计算腿部蹬车测力法的摄氧量成本的公式进行修改。使用VO2R规定运动工作量的方法类似于使用心率储备（HRR）规定目标心率的方法，即目标工作量是在最大和静息VO2差值的给定百分比基础上确定的。最近的几项研究表明，在给定的HRR和VO2max百分比下，运动强度存在差异，但HRR和VO2R产生的运动强度相当。在运动处方中使用VO2R能提供更准确的目标工作量，尤其是对于健康水平较低的个体。运动期间的净VO2是由于运动本身而高于静息VO2的量。最近的一项建议是在计算运动期间的热量消耗时采用净VO2，以免高估潜在的体重减轻。最近对腿部蹬车测力法的几项研究得出了估算VO2的公式，其中包括一个无负荷蹬车的项，即腿部在零阻力下运动的摄氧量成本。这些研究得出的公式比现有的ACSM公式能更准确地估算蹬车VO2，并且ACSM已经开发并采用了一个新的标准化公式。新公式对于提高低强度腿部蹬车测力法期间VO2估算的准确性特别有用。ACSM的台阶试验公式也已修改，以纳入静息代谢项。
