Fuster J M
UCLA Neuropsychiatric Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.
Exp Brain Res. 2000 Jul;133(1):66-70. doi: 10.1007/s002210000401.
This chapter presents a conceptual model of the representational and executive functions of the cortex of the frontal lobe derived from empirical evidence obtained principally in the monkey. According to this model, the neuronal networks of the frontal lobe that represent motor or executive memories are probably the same networks that cooperate with other cerebral structures in the temporal organization of behavior. The prefrontal cortex, at the top of the perception-action cycle, plays a critical role in the mediation of contingencies of action across time, an essential aspect of the temporal organization of behavior. That role of cross-temporal mediation is based on the interplay of two short-term cognitive functions: one retrospective, of short-term memory or sensory working memory, and the other prospective, of attentive set (or motor working memory). Both appear represented in the neuronal populations of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. At least one of the mechanisms for the retention of working memory of either kind seems to be the reentry of excitability through recurrent cortical circuits. With those two complementary and temporally symmetrical cognitive functions of active memory for the sensory past and for the motor future, the prefrontal cortex secures the temporal closure at the top of the perception-action cycle.
本章提出了一个基于主要在猴子身上获得的经验证据的额叶皮质表征和执行功能的概念模型。根据这个模型，额叶中代表运动或执行记忆的神经网络可能与其他脑结构在行为的时间组织中协同作用的网络相同。前额叶皮质处于感知 - 行动循环的顶端，在跨时间的行动偶然性调解中起着关键作用，这是行为时间组织的一个重要方面。这种跨时间调解的作用基于两种短期认知功能的相互作用：一种是回顾性的，即短期记忆或感觉工作记忆；另一种是前瞻性的，即注意力集（或运动工作记忆）。两者似乎都在前额背外侧皮质的神经元群体中有所体现。至少对于这两种工作记忆的保留机制之一似乎是通过反复的皮质回路使兴奋性再入。凭借对感觉过去和运动未来的这两种互补且时间对称的主动记忆认知功能，前额叶皮质确保了感知 - 行动循环顶端的时间闭合。
