Svendsen J, Bille N, Nielsen N C, Larsen J L, Riising H J
Nord Vet Med. 1975 Feb;27(2):85-101.
The incidence of fatal gastroenteropathies in sucking pigs was studied during a 2-year period in 17 sow herds involving 2,936 litters. The results showed that 2.8 per cent of the liveborn pigs died with gastroenteropathies during the sucking and immediate post weaning period. The incidence was lowest in offspring from second-litter sows (Table I) and the progeny from large litters tended to have the highest incidence (Table II). Fatal gastrointestinal diseases were observed in a total of 17.6 per cent of the examined litters, and the average number of death per affected litter was 1.5 (Tables III and IV). The progeny of sows with post parturient diseases had significantly higher death losses than had the progeny from normal healthy sows (Table V). Climate had no apparent influence on death losses, but they were lowest during the warmer period of the year (April-September) (Tables VIII and VI.) The incidence varied considerably from herd to herd, but was not influenced by herd size (Table III). However, the level of hygiene exerted a pronounced influence on the incidence (Table VII), and self-contained herds had significantly lower death losses than had herds where female breeding stock was occasionally brought in (Table IX). Approximately 65 per cent of the pigs which succumbed due to gastrointestinal diseases died during the first week of life, which means that 1.8 per cent of the pigs at risk died during this period (Table X). The material was grouped according to the results of the post mortem and bacteriological examinations (Table XI). Approximately 50 per cent of the fatal cases were associated with an intestinal bacterial infection, which in most instances was caused by pathogenic strains of E. coli (Tables XII and XIII), while approximately 14 per cent had distinct gross pathological lesions which alone were indication of a diagnosis. In the remaining one third of the fatal cases the aetiology and pathogenesis remained by and large unexplained; however, nutritional and dietetic disorders played a role in many of these cases. Aetiological, epidemiological and pathological aspects of the fatal gastrointestinal diseases are discussed, and it is concluded that a high level of hygiene, the prevention and treatment of post parturient diseases, "closed" management systems, and the avoidance of unsuitable or damaged sow feed would be instrumental in keeping the level of fatal gastrointestinal diseases low among sucking pigs.
在2年时间里，对17个母猪群的2936窝仔猪进行了研究，以了解哺乳仔猪致命胃肠病的发病率。结果显示，2.8%的活产仔猪在哺乳及刚断奶后死于胃肠病。二胎母猪的后代发病率最低（表一），而产仔数多的母猪后代发病率往往最高（表二）。在所检查的仔猪窝中，共有17.6%出现致命性胃肠疾病，每窝受影响仔猪的平均死亡数为1.5头（表三和表四）。产后患病母猪的后代死亡损失明显高于正常健康母猪的后代（表五）。气候对死亡损失没有明显影响，但在一年中较温暖的时期（4月至9月）死亡损失最低（表八和表六）。不同猪群之间的发病率差异很大，但不受猪群规模影响（表三）。然而，卫生水平对发病率有显著影响（表七），封闭式猪群的死亡损失明显低于偶尔引入母本繁殖猪的猪群（表九）。约65%因胃肠病死亡的仔猪在出生后第一周内死亡，这意味着在此期间有1.8%的高危仔猪死亡（表十）。根据尸检和细菌学检查结果对材料进行了分组（表十一）。约50%的致命病例与肠道细菌感染有关，在大多数情况下是由致病性大肠杆菌菌株引起的（表十二和表十三），而约14%有明显的大体病理病变，仅凭这些病变即可做出诊断。在其余三分之一的致命病例中，病因和发病机制在很大程度上仍不清楚；然而，营养和饮食紊乱在许多此类病例中起了作用。本文讨论了致命性胃肠疾病的病因、流行病学和病理学方面，并得出结论：高水平的卫生、产后疾病的预防和治疗、“封闭式”管理系统以及避免使用不合适或受损的母猪饲料，将有助于降低哺乳仔猪致命性胃肠疾病的发生率。
