Expression patterns of connexin genes in mouse retina.

To analyze the molecular basis of gap junctional communication in mouse retina, we examined the expression pattern of the following 13 connexin (Cx) genes: Cx26, Cx30, Cx30.3, Cx31, Cx31.1, Cx32, Cx36, Cx37, Cx40, Cx43, Cx45, Cx46, and Cx50. By using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reactions with primer oligonucleotides to murine connexin genes, we detected mRNAs of Cx26, Cx31, Cx32, Cx36, Cx37, Cx40, Cx43, Cx45, and Cx50. Retinae from heterozygous mice with targeted replacement of most of the Cx45 open reading frame by a lacZ reporter gene showed Cx45 promoter activity in somata of the ganglion cell layer and the inner nuclear layer. Immunoblot and immunofluorescence analyses with antibodies generated to murine connexin epitopes revealed the presence of Cx36, Cx37, Cx43, and Cx45 proteins: The outer and inner plexiform layer were immunopositive for Cx36 and Cx45. Cx37 immunoreactivity was found in blood vessels of the inner retina. Cx43 immunolabeling was detected in the ganglion cell layer and nerve fiber layer where it was largely colocalized with immunostaining of glial fibrillary acidic protein suggesting that Cx43-positive cells could be of glial origin. No Cx26 protein was detected in retina by using Cx26 antibodies for immunoblot analyses or confocal microscopy. Furthermore, comparative immunofluorescence analyses of retinae from mice deficient for Cx31, Cx32, or Cx40 with retinae of wild-type mice revealed no specific immunostaining. Our results demonstrate regional specificity in expression of connexin genes in mouse retina and, thus, provide a basis for future assignments of functional defects in connexin-deficient mice to cells in different regions of the retina.