Ross C E, Jang S J
Department of Sociology, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA.
Am J Community Psychol. 2000 Aug;28(4):401-20. doi: 10.1023/a:1005137713332.
This paper proposes that individuals who report that they live in neighborhoods characterized by disorder--by crime, vandalism, graffiti, danger, noise, dirt, and drugs--have high levels of fear and mistrust. It further proposes that an individual's alliances and connections with neighbors can buffer the negative effects of living in a neighborhood characterized by disorder on fear and mistrust. Results from a representative sample of 2482 Illinois residents collected by telephone in 1995 support the propositions. Living in a neighborhood with a lot of perceived disorder significantly affects mistrust and the fear of victimization, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. Perceived neighborhood disorder and social ties significantly interact: informal social ties with neighbors reduce the fear- and mistrust-producing effects of disorder. However, formal participation in neighborhood organizations shows little buffering effect.
本文提出，那些报告自己居住在以犯罪、破坏行为、涂鸦、危险、噪音、脏乱和毒品为特征的无序社区的人，会有高度的恐惧和不信任感。它还进一步提出，个人与邻居的联盟和联系可以缓冲生活在无序社区对恐惧和不信任产生的负面影响。1995年通过电话收集的2482名伊利诺伊州居民的代表性样本结果支持了这些命题。在考虑社会人口统计学特征后，生活在一个被认为无序程度高的社区会显著影响不信任感和对受害的恐惧。感知到的社区无序和社会关系之间存在显著的相互作用：与邻居的非正式社会关系会减少无序产生的恐惧和不信任影响。然而，正式参与社区组织几乎没有缓冲作用。
