Gallardo-Lara F, Azcón M, Polo A
Departamento de Agroecología y Protección Vegetal, Granada, Spain.
J Environ Sci Health B. 2000 Sep;35(5):623-43. doi: 10.1080/03601230009373297.
Land disposal of olive oil wastewater using it as a soil amendment requires a knowledge of the effects that its application may produce on the status of the mineral nutrients in the plant-soil system. A pot experiment using calcareous soil was performed in a growth chamber to examine the effects of olive oil wastewater on the availability and postharvest soil extractability of K, Mg and Mn. The experiment included 6 treatments: two rates of olive oil wastewater, two mineral fertilizer treatments containing K (which supplied K in amounts equivalent to the K supplied by the olive oil wastewater treatments), a K-free mineral fertilizer treatment, and a control. The pots were sown with ryegrass as the test plant, harvesting 3 times at intervals of one month. Olive oil wastewater has demonstrated a considerable capacity for supplying K that can be assimilated by the plant, tending in fact to surpass the mineral potassium fertilizer tested. The application of olive oil wastewater tends to reduce the concentration of Mg in the plant, similarly to the effect of adding mineral potassium fertilizer. An enhancement of Mn availability takes place in the soil amended with olive oil wastewater, which on occasion has produced Mn concentrations in plant that could be considered phytotoxic or at least excessive. After harvesting, we observed an increase in the amount of exchangeable K in soil with added industrial wastewater. However, these increases are lower than those in soil treated with mineral potassium fertilizer. The levels of exchangeable, carbonate-bound, organic-bound and residual Mg in soil were higher in treatments incorporating olive oil wastewater than in those with added mineral K, with the opposite tendency occurring in the amount of Fe-Mn oxides-bound Mg in soil. Treatments based on olive oil wastewater, especially in high doses, increased the amount of exchangeable and carbonate-bound Mn in soil, in comparison with treatments adding mineral fertilizers with or without K. In contrast, the addition of industrial wastewater caused a drop in the amount of Fe-Mn oxides-bound and organic-bound Mn in soil.
将橄榄油废水作为土壤改良剂进行土地处理，需要了解其施用可能对植物 - 土壤系统中矿质养分状况产生的影响。在生长室中使用石灰性土壤进行了盆栽试验，以研究橄榄油废水对钾、镁和锰的有效性及收获后土壤可提取性的影响。该试验包括6种处理：两种橄榄油废水施用量、两种含钾矿物肥料处理（提供的钾量与橄榄油废水处理提供的钾量相当）、一种无钾矿物肥料处理和一个对照。花盆中播种黑麦草作为试验植物，每隔一个月收获3次。橄榄油废水已显示出具有相当大的供应植物可吸收钾的能力，实际上往往超过所测试的矿物钾肥。与添加矿物钾肥的效果类似，施用橄榄油废水往往会降低植物中镁的浓度。在用橄榄油废水改良的土壤中，锰的有效性有所提高，有时会使植物中的锰浓度达到可能被认为具有植物毒性或至少过高的水平。收获后，我们观察到添加工业废水的土壤中交换性钾的含量增加。然而，这些增加量低于用矿物钾肥处理的土壤。在包含橄榄油废水的处理中，土壤中交换性、碳酸盐结合态、有机结合态和残留态镁的含量高于添加矿物钾的处理，而土壤中铁 - 锰氧化物结合态镁的含量则呈现相反的趋势。与添加含钾或不含钾矿物肥料的处理相比基于橄榄油废水的处理，尤其是高剂量处理，增加了土壤中交换性和碳酸盐结合态锰的含量。相反，添加工业废水导致土壤中铁 - 锰氧化物结合态和有机结合态锰的含量下降。
