Arries E, Botes A, Nel E
Curationis. 1999 Sep;22(3):88-99.
From experience and observation of decision-making in intensive care units, the following has been observed in respect of clinical decision-making. Nurses in intensive care units take clinical decisions they can justify, and other decisions they cannot justify. Nurses in intensive care units sometimes refer to the unjustified clinical decisions as gut-feelings or intuition. The observation regarding clinical decision-making further indicates that clinical decision-making, based on intuition is effective and contributes to better and more complete problem-solving capabilities in intensive care units. From the preceding problem statement the following question arose, namely: What is intuition? The objective of the study is to analyze the concept intuition. A philosophical analytical research design was implemented in order to reach this objective. The concept intuition was analyzed by means of concept-analysis. The goal of concept analyses was to respectively describe the characteristics of intuition and developing a theoretical definition for the study regarding these characteristics. From the concept-analysis of intuition the following categories and characteristics of intuition realized namely situational factors of intuition, intuition as a process and intuition as a product. The situational factors of intuition refer to the factors that must be in place in order for intuition to occur, namely knowledge and experience, empathy, as well as incomplete data and uncertain situations. The second group characteristics of intuition has to do with the process of intuition, which is speedy, more synthetical-analogical than analytical, interpretative, holistic, irrational and goal-directed. The third category characteristics of intuition has to do with intuition as a product which include problem-solving and the rational justification of intuition by means of reflection.
通过对重症监护病房决策过程的经验观察,在临床决策方面有以下发现。重症监护病房的护士会做出他们能够给出理由的临床决策,以及一些他们无法给出理由的决策。重症监护病房的护士有时将这些无法给出理由的临床决策称为直觉或第六感。关于临床决策的观察进一步表明,基于直觉的临床决策是有效的,有助于重症监护病房更好、更全面地解决问题。基于上述问题陈述,产生了以下问题:什么是直觉?本研究的目的是分析直觉这一概念。为了实现这一目标,采用了哲学分析研究设计。通过概念分析对直觉概念进行了分析。概念分析的目的分别是描述直觉的特征,并针对这些特征为该研究制定一个理论定义。通过对直觉的概念分析,得出了直觉的以下类别和特征,即直觉的情境因素、直觉作为一个过程以及直觉作为一种产物。直觉的情境因素是指直觉产生所必须具备的因素,即知识和经验、同理心,以及不完整的数据和不确定的情况。直觉的第二类特征与直觉的过程有关,它迅速,更多地是综合类比而非分析性的、具有解释性、整体性、非理性且目标导向。直觉的第三类特征与直觉作为一种产物有关,这包括解决问题以及通过反思对直觉进行合理的论证。