Greco K E
Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, USA.
Oncol Nurs Forum. 2000 Oct;27(9 Suppl):29-36.
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To describe the impact of genetic information on oncology nursing practice and to identify roles for oncology nurses in the field of cancer genetics.
Published articles, abstracts, books, and clinical experience.
Oncology nurses in all areas of practice are affected by the recent explosion of genetic information. The identification of genetic mutations associated with increased risk for certain cancers and subsequent development of cancer predisposition testing have created a tremendous need for health care professionals who can explain and interpret genetic information.
Oncology nurses already have many basic skills essential in the management of genetic information. An area in which oncology nurses may have the most to offer is in helping patients who carry a genetic predisposition to cancer understand the cancer surveillance and risk-management options available to them. Oncology nurses will be on the forefront in helping patients understand what this information means to them and how to apply it to their lives.
As we enter the 21st century, the advances in genetic information and the impact of the Human Genome Project will change oncology nursing as we know it. Oncology nurses will be expected to assess and interpret genetic and nongenetic cancer risk as an integrated whole, including genetic risk factors, environmental and lifestyle risk factors, and the interaction of the two. The challenge will be to make this complex information meaningful to patients as they make choices to manage their own cancer risk.
目的/目标：描述基因信息对肿瘤护理实践的影响，并确定肿瘤护士在癌症遗传学领域的角色。
已发表的文章、摘要、书籍及临床经验。
近期基因信息的大量涌现影响了各个领域的肿瘤护士。与某些癌症风险增加相关的基因突变的识别以及随后癌症易感性检测的开展，使得对能够解释和解读基因信息的医疗保健专业人员产生了巨大需求。
肿瘤护士已具备管理基因信息所需的许多基本技能。肿瘤护士最能发挥作用的领域可能是帮助携带癌症遗传易感性的患者了解他们可选择的癌症监测和风险管理方案。在帮助患者理解这些信息对他们意味着什么以及如何将其应用到生活中方面，肿瘤护士将处于前沿位置。
随着我们进入21世纪，基因信息的进步以及人类基因组计划的影响将改变我们所熟知的肿瘤护理。肿瘤护士需要将基因和非基因癌症风险作为一个整体进行评估和解读，包括基因风险因素、环境和生活方式风险因素以及两者的相互作用。挑战在于，当患者做出管理自身癌症风险的选择时，要让这些复杂的信息对他们有意义。
