Flach J, Jennings-Dozier K M
Division of Cancer Prevention, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Oncol Nurs Forum. 2000 Oct;27(9 Suppl):37-45.
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To review current ethical issues in cancer prevention and early detection, discuss some of the key methods and theories in contemporary bioethics, present clinical scenarios that illustrate moral problems that nurses may encounter, and show how the theories and methods can assist ethical decision making.
Published articles, abstracts, and books; case studies developed from clinical experience and literary sources.
Oncology nurses face a host of ethical considerations when providing cancer prevention and early detection education and services and when conducting research in this arena. A variety of ethical methods and theories--including principlism, casuistry, utilitarianism, rights-based theories, virtue ethics, ethics of care, and communitarian ethics--may assist nurses in tackling ethical challenges.
The growing field of cancer prevention and early detection raises a number of moral issues that have implications for oncology nursing. Because no single method or theory provides a complete account of bioethics, ethical problem solving should be approached using a variety of methods and theories whereby they can be coherently and appropriately applied together.
Oncology nurses need to increase their awareness of ethical issues related to cancer prevention and control and consider them when planning patient care and research programs.
目的/目标：回顾癌症预防与早期检测中当前的伦理问题，讨论当代生物伦理学中的一些关键方法和理论，呈现说明护士可能遇到的道德问题的临床场景，并展示这些理论和方法如何有助于伦理决策。
已发表的文章、摘要和书籍；根据临床经验和文献资料编写的案例研究。
肿瘤学护士在提供癌症预防与早期检测教育及服务以及在该领域开展研究时面临诸多伦理考量。多种伦理方法和理论——包括原则主义、决疑论、功利主义、基于权利的理论、美德伦理学、关怀伦理学和社群主义伦理学——可帮助护士应对伦理挑战。
癌症预防与早期检测这一不断发展的领域引发了一些对肿瘤学护理有影响的道德问题。由于没有单一的方法或理论能全面阐述生物伦理学，解决伦理问题应采用多种方法和理论，以便能将它们连贯且恰当地结合应用。
肿瘤学护士需要提高对与癌症预防和控制相关的伦理问题的认识，并在规划患者护理和研究项目时予以考虑。
