Redfern M S, Cham R
Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
AIHAJ. 2000 Sep-Oct;61(5):700-8. doi: 10.1080/15298660008984580.
Many occupations require standing for extended periods of time, resulting in complaints of musculoskeletal fatigue and pain. One intervention method to reduce this problem has been to alter the flooring on which workers stand by using "antifatigue" mats. This article reviews the published research on the influence of flooring on people during long-term standing. Most studies have used subjective ratings of fatigue and discomfort experienced while standing in controlled laboratory settings. Some have included objective measures, such as electromyography, leg volume changes, and postural movements. Studies in the literature report mixed and sometimes conflicting results. There are methodological differences across the studies that could have led to many of the conflicting results, with the foremost variable being duration of testing. Generally, softer floors result in reduced discomfort as compared with a hard floor, particularly for the lower extremities and the lower back. Objective measures have been less conclusive, with no consensus about the influence of flooring on any physiological or biomechanical measures. Investigations of the influence of flooring characteristics on discomfort suggest that elasticity, stiffness, and thickness play roles. Further research is needed on underlying physiological causes of standing discomfort and fatigue as well as the influence of flooring properties on subjective and objective measures.
许多职业需要长时间站立，这导致了肌肉骨骼疲劳和疼痛的抱怨。一种减少这个问题的干预方法是通过使用“抗疲劳”垫子来改变工人站立的地板。本文回顾了已发表的关于长期站立时地板对人的影响的研究。大多数研究使用了在受控实验室环境中站立时所经历的疲劳和不适的主观评分。一些研究还包括客观测量，如肌电图、腿部体积变化和姿势运动。文献中的研究报告结果不一，有时甚至相互矛盾。各项研究在方法上存在差异，这可能导致了许多相互矛盾的结果，其中最主要的变量是测试持续时间。一般来说，与硬地板相比，较软的地板会减少不适感，尤其是对下肢和下背部而言。客观测量的结论性较差，对于地板对任何生理或生物力学测量的影响尚无共识。对地板特性对不适影响的调查表明，弹性、硬度和厚度都起作用。需要进一步研究站立不适和疲劳的潜在生理原因以及地板特性对主观和客观测量的影响。
