Mendzef S D
North Medical Cardiovascular Group of Syracuse, Syracuse, New York, USA.
Nurs Clin North Am. 2000 Dec;35(4):841-53.
Currently there are 4 to 5 million people with congestive heart failure in the United States. They consume greater than 7% of the total health care dollar of which a significant portion is directly related to hospitalization expenses alone. Most patients with chronic congestive heart failure can be managed efficiently outside the hospital setting by the proper use of nonpharmacologic therapies. Neurohormonal pathways have a significant impact on the progression of congestive heart failure. Medications, which include alpha-blockers, beta-blockers, digoxin, spironolactone, and diuretics, now can block, modify, or manage most of these neurohormonal effects, and therefore, have a stabilizing effect on the patient with congestive heart failure. Understanding the physiology and medications involved for optimal treatment of congestive heart failure is a must to ensure the quality of life that these patients deserve.
目前，美国有400万至500万人患有充血性心力衰竭。他们消耗了超过7%的医疗保健总费用，其中很大一部分仅与住院费用直接相关。大多数慢性充血性心力衰竭患者可以通过合理使用非药物疗法在院外得到有效管理。神经激素途径对充血性心力衰竭的进展有重大影响。包括α受体阻滞剂、β受体阻滞剂、地高辛、螺内酯和利尿剂在内的药物，现在可以阻断、改变或控制大多数这些神经激素效应，因此，对充血性心力衰竭患者有稳定作用。了解充血性心力衰竭最佳治疗所涉及的生理学和药物是确保这些患者应得的生活质量的必要条件。
