Giroud Benítez J L, Collado-Mesa F, Esteban E M
Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba.
Neurologia. 2000 Aug-Sep;15(7):269-73.
To determine the prevalence of Parkinson's disease in an urban area of Havana City province, Cuba.
Parkinson's disease is one of the most frequent chronic neurodegenerative diseases in the elderly. Prevalence varies widely between different geographic areas and type of studies. To the author's knowledge, there are not epidemiological data on Parkinson's disease in Cuban population that allows a real estimation of the true magnitude of the disease.
A "door-to-door" population study was carried out between November and December 1997. The area total population aged 15 years and over (n = 17.784) was interviewed and examined during the first phase of the study. This phase was performed by the 33 family doctors practicing in that area. An experienced neurologist previously trained the family doctors on making Parkinson's disease diagnosis. Diagnosis was based on the Brain Bank Society criteria. In order to make a definitive diagnosis of Parkinson's disease every subject that received such a diagnosis during the first phase was re-evaluated by two experienced neurologists. Those subjects with final diagnosis of Parkinson's disease were asked about family history of the disease. Prevalence rates were calculated according to sex, age group, color of the skin and smoking status.
A total of 24 subjects received the final diagnosis of Parkinson's disease, yielding a population prevalence rate of 135 x 100,000 inhabitants. Eight subjects (33.3%) received a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease for the first time (de novo cases). Subjects with white color of the skin and non-smoking subjects showed a statistically significant higher prevalence of Parkinson's disease than subjects with non-white color of the skin and non-smokers respectively. Only 3 (12.5%) subjects reported a family history of Parkinson's disease.
The population of this area has a low prevalence rate of Parkinson's disease compared to that reported in other populations. The observed low frequency of family history of the disease suggests that the main determinants of Parkinson's disease are environmental factors yet to be identified.
确定古巴哈瓦那市一个城区帕金森病的患病率。
帕金森病是老年人中最常见的慢性神经退行性疾病之一。不同地理区域和研究类型的患病率差异很大。据作者所知，古巴人群中尚无帕金森病的流行病学数据能够真正估计该疾病的实际严重程度。
1997年11月至12月进行了一项“逐户”人群研究。在研究的第一阶段，对该地区15岁及以上的总人口（n = 17784）进行了访谈和检查。这一阶段由在该地区执业的33名家庭医生进行。一名经验丰富的神经科医生事先对家庭医生进行了帕金森病诊断培训。诊断依据脑库协会标准。为了对帕金森病做出明确诊断，在第一阶段接受该诊断的每个受试者都由两名经验丰富的神经科医生进行了重新评估。那些最终诊断为帕金森病的受试者被询问了该疾病的家族史。根据性别、年龄组、肤色和吸烟状况计算患病率。
共有24名受试者最终被诊断为帕金森病，人群患病率为135/10万居民。8名受试者（33.3%）首次被诊断为帕金森病（新发病例）。皮肤白色的受试者和非吸烟受试者的帕金森病患病率分别显著高于非白色皮肤受试者和吸烟者。只有3名受试者（12.5%）报告有帕金森病家族史。
与其他人群报告的患病率相比，该地区人群的帕金森病患病率较低。观察到的该疾病家族史低频率表明，帕金森病的主要决定因素是尚未确定的环境因素。
