Dini L
Department of Biology, University of Lecce, Italy.
Eur J Histochem. 2000;44(3):217-27.
Apoptosis impacts on nearly all areas of cell biology and continues to draw increasing numbers of investigators to join in the multifaceted race to understand it. Within the study of cell death the area that has less benefited from the fast advances has been the study of the phagocytic process of apoptotic cells. But finally this field is now converging the attention and the studies of an increasing number of researchers that are highlighting its importance. This review deals with removal of apoptotic cells; in particular, the liver cell mediated removal of apoptotic blood cells will be considered. The involvement of carbohydrate-specific receptors of liver cells in the recognition and engulfment of apoptotic cells has been tested using three different experimental approaches: i- in vivo induction of apoptosis; ii- in vitro phagocytosis; iii- in situ adhesion experiments. All three main cell liver types are able to recognize and internalize apoptotic cells mainly by means of carbohydrate-specific receptors (galactose and mannose). By up-regulating the cell surface expression of mannose receptors of the endothelial cells, the recognition and the internalization of apoptotic lymphocytes can be increased. Of note is the discrimination in the recognition of apoptotic lymphocytes by the sinusoidal cells: only homologous cells are rapidly and efficiently deleted from the circulation.
细胞凋亡影响着细胞生物学的几乎所有领域，并且持续吸引越来越多的研究人员参与到这场旨在了解它的多方面竞争中来。在细胞死亡的研究中，从快速进展中受益较少的领域是凋亡细胞吞噬过程的研究。但最终，这个领域现在正汇聚越来越多研究人员的关注和研究，他们强调了其重要性。这篇综述论述了凋亡细胞的清除；特别是，将考虑肝细胞介导的凋亡血细胞的清除。已使用三种不同的实验方法测试了肝细胞碳水化合物特异性受体在凋亡细胞识别和吞噬中的作用：i - 体内凋亡诱导；ii - 体外吞噬；iii - 原位黏附实验。所有三种主要的肝细胞类型都能够主要通过碳水化合物特异性受体（半乳糖和甘露糖）识别并内化凋亡细胞。通过上调内皮细胞甘露糖受体的细胞表面表达，可以增加凋亡淋巴细胞的识别和内化。值得注意的是，肝血窦细胞对凋亡淋巴细胞的识别存在差异：只有同源细胞能从循环中被快速且有效地清除。
