Functional bowel disorders are collections of symptoms attributable to the mid or lower gastrointestinal tract. The two most common disorders, irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia, have common etiopathogenetic features, notably psychosocial disturbances, dysmotility and heightened sensitivity. The control mechanisms, pathophysiology, investigation and potential pharmacotherapies of these disorders are reviewed. Serotonergic and adrenergic agents are among the novel approaches that may have a significant impact on these disorders.