耐力训练对心率和血压的影响：遗产家庭研究

Heart rate and blood pressure changes with endurance training: the HERITAGE Family Study.

作者信息

Wilmore J H, Stanforth P R, Gagnon J, Rice T, Mandel S, Leon A S, Rao D C, Skinner J S, Bouchard C

机构信息

Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843-4243, USA.

出版信息

Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001 Jan;33(1):107-16. doi: 10.1097/00005768-200101000-00017.

DOI:10.1097/00005768-200101000-00017

PMID:11194095

Abstract

PURPOSE

The purpose of this study was to determine the magnitude of change in resting and exercise heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP), by race, sex, and age, after a 20-wk endurance training program in 507 healthy and previously sedentary subjects from the HERITAGE Family Study.

METHODS

After baseline measurements, subjects exercised on cycle ergometers 3 d x wk(-1) for a total of 60 exercise sessions starting at 55% of VO2max for 30 min x session(-1) and building to 75% of VO2max for 50 min x session(-1) for the last 6 wk. HR and BP at rest and during exercise (50 W, 60% of VO2max maximal exercise) were each determined in duplicate on two different days both before and after training (resting values at 24-h and 72-h posttraining).

RESULTS

After the period of training, there was a small decrease in resting HR (-2.7 to -4.6 beats x min(-1) across groups at 72-h posttraining), and small changes (i.e., < 3 mm Hg) in resting systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP), and calculated mean BP (MBP), which varied by race, sex, and age. During exercise at the same absolute work rate (50 W), HR, SBP, DBP, and MBP were all significantly reduced, with greater reductions in HR in women compared with men, and greater reductions in BP in blacks and older subjects compared with whites and younger subjects, respectively. At the same relative work rate (60% VO2max), HR, DBP, and MBP were reduced, but SBP remained unchanged. Blacks had a greater reduction in DBP, but whites had a greater reduction in HR. Finally, at maximal exercise, there was a small decrease in HR, with men and whites decreasing more than women and blacks; an 8 mm Hg increase in SBP, with men increasing more than women; a 4 mm Hg decrease in DBP, with blacks decreasing more than whites; and no change in MBP.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the reductions in resting HR and BP with training were generally small, but the reductions during exercise were substantial and clinically important, with the older and the black populations experiencing greater reductions.

摘要

目的

本研究旨在确定来自遗产家庭研究的507名健康且以前久坐不动的受试者，在进行20周耐力训练计划后，静息和运动心率（HR）及血压（BP）按种族、性别和年龄的变化幅度。

方法

在进行基线测量后，受试者每周3天在功率自行车上锻炼，共进行60次锻炼。开始时以最大摄氧量（VO2max）的55%进行30分钟/次的锻炼，在最后6周逐渐增加到以VO2max的75%进行50分钟/次的锻炼。在训练前后的两个不同日子，分别对静息及运动时（50瓦，VO2max最大运动的60%）的HR和BP进行两次重复测量（训练后24小时和72小时的静息值）。

结果

经过训练期后，静息HR有小幅下降（训练后72小时各群体下降-2.7至-4.6次/分钟），静息收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）和计算得出的平均血压（MBP）有小幅度变化（即<3毫米汞柱），且因种族、性别和年龄而异。在相同绝对工作率（50瓦）的运动过程中，HR、SBP、DBP和MBP均显著降低，女性的HR降低幅度大于男性，黑人及老年受试者的BP降低幅度分别大于白人及年轻受试者。在相同相对工作率（VO2max的60%）下，HR、DBP和MBP降低，但SBP保持不变。黑人的DBP降低幅度更大，而白人的HR降低幅度更大。最后，在最大运动时，HR有小幅下降，男性和白人的下降幅度大于女性和黑人；SBP升高8毫米汞柱，男性升高幅度大于女性；DBP降低4毫米汞柱，黑人降低幅度大于白人；MBP无变化。