Christensen B
Department of Medical Genetics, Ulleval University Hospital, N-0407 Oslo, Norway.
Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2001 Apr;17(4):283-5. doi: 10.1016/s0924-8579(00)00349-6.
Bacteriuria in pregnancy with or without clinical symptoms is frequent and increases the risk of pyelonephritis, preterm labour, and low birth weight infants. Commonly used antibiotics such as ampicillin (pivampicillin), amoxicillin, trimethoprim, and sulphonamide are currently associated with a high degree of resistance of the most common pathogen in the urinary tract, Escherichia coli. During the past few decades a number of new and efficient antibacterial antibiotics have been developed. The presumption that a specific drug is safe for both the pregnant woman and the foetus depends on how widely the drug has been used. A recent survey among general practitioners and obstetricians in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden confirmed that the beta-lactam antibiotic pivmecillinam and nitrofurantoin are the most commonly used agents in the treatment of bacteriuria in pregnancy in the Nordic countries. However, a surprisingly high number of physicians reported that they prescribe sulphonamides during the first two trimesters in spite of resistance of E. coli and possible adverse effects on the foetus.
孕期有无临床症状的菌尿症都很常见，会增加肾盂肾炎、早产和低体重儿的风险。常用抗生素如氨苄西林（匹氨西林）、阿莫西林、甲氧苄啶和磺胺类药物，目前与泌尿道最常见病原体大肠杆菌的高度耐药性有关。在过去几十年里，已经研发出了许多新型高效抗菌抗生素。一种特定药物对孕妇和胎儿都安全的推测取决于该药物的使用范围有多广。最近在丹麦、芬兰、挪威和瑞典的全科医生和产科医生中进行的一项调查证实，β-内酰胺抗生素匹美西林和呋喃妥因是北欧国家孕期治疗菌尿症最常用的药物。然而，令人惊讶的是，尽管大肠杆菌有耐药性且可能对胎儿有不良影响，仍有相当数量的医生报告说他们在孕早期和孕中期开具磺胺类药物。
