Hayes C
MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit and UK Mouse Genome Centre, Harwell, Didcot, Oxon., OX11 0RD, UK.
J Theor Biol. 2001 Apr 21;209(4):493-5. doi: 10.1006/jtbi.2001.2284.
The limbs of extant terrestrial vertebrates possess five or fewer digits, yet, polydactyly is accepted as being the ancestral state. Therefore, I propose a hypothesis to account for the maintenance of digital number at five or fewer digits, based on a selective disadvantage associated with polydactylous states in terrestrial vertebrates. This disadvantage is not associated with the polydactyly per se, but rather with the hemimelia which is a common feature of polydactylies in mammals. Hemimelia causes a twisting, or luxation, of the distal segment of the limb, which is due to a malformation of the radius/tibia of the limb. This defect results in the limb being held in an abnormal gait, which causes problems in the locomotion of the animal which would compromise their ability to flourish. Therefore, the abnormal gait and torsion of the limb caused by the hemimelia is acting as a stabilizing force to maintain the dactyly of the tetrapod limb with five or fewer digits.
现存陆生脊椎动物的四肢拥有五个或更少的指(趾),然而,多指(趾)被认为是祖先状态。因此,我提出一个假说,基于陆生脊椎动物多指(趾)状态相关的选择劣势来解释指(趾)数维持在五个或更少的原因。这种劣势并非与多指(趾)本身相关,而是与半肢畸形有关,半肢畸形是哺乳动物多指(趾)的一个常见特征。半肢畸形会导致肢体远端节段扭转或脱位,这是由于肢体的桡骨/胫骨畸形所致。这种缺陷导致肢体保持异常步态,这会给动物的运动带来问题,进而影响它们的繁衍能力。因此,由半肢畸形引起的肢体异常步态和扭转作为一种稳定力量,维持了四足动物四肢五个或更少的指(趾)数。