Galle B, Samuelsson J, Svensson B H, Borjesson G
IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Göteborg, Sweden.
Environ Sci Technol. 2001 Jan 1;35(1):21-5. doi: 10.1021/es0011008.
Methane is an important climate gas contributing significantly to global warming. A large part of the anthropogenic emissions of methane comes from landfills. Due to the biogenic origin of these emissions and the inhomogeneous characteristics of landfills and their soil cover, these emissions show large spatial variation. Thus, development of reliable and cost-effective methods for measurements of these emissions is an important task and a challenge to the scientific community. Traditionally, field chamber methods have been used but also different area integrating methods based on downwind plume measurements. These measurements have been supported by meteorological data either directly from local measurements or by controlled release of tracer gas from the landfill providing the dispersion characteristics of the plume. In this paperwe describe a method,the Time Correlation Tracer method, combining controlled tracer gas release from the landfill with time-resolved concentration measurements downwind the landfill using FTIR absorption spectroscopy. The method has been tested and used on measurements at a landfill in southern Sweden over the past 1.5 years. The method has proven to be a usable method for measurements of total methane emission from landfills, and under favorable meteorological conditions we estimate an achievable accuracy of 15-30%. The real time analysis capability of the FTIR makes it possible to judge the success of the measurement already on site and to decide whether more measurements are necessary. The measurement strategy is relatively simple and straightforward, and one person can make a measurement from a medium sized landfill (1-4 ha) within a few days to a week depending on the meteorological situation.
甲烷是一种重要的气候气体，对全球变暖有重大影响。人为排放的甲烷很大一部分来自垃圾填埋场。由于这些排放的生物成因以及垃圾填埋场及其土壤覆盖层的不均匀特性，这些排放呈现出很大的空间变化。因此，开发可靠且经济高效的这些排放测量方法是一项重要任务，也是科学界面临的一项挑战。传统上，一直使用实地气室法，也使用基于下风向羽流测量的不同面积积分法。这些测量得到了气象数据的支持，这些数据要么直接来自本地测量，要么通过从垃圾填埋场控制释放示踪气体来提供羽流的扩散特性。在本文中，我们描述了一种方法，即时间相关示踪法，该方法将从垃圾填埋场控制释放示踪气体与使用傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱法对垃圾填埋场下风向的浓度进行时间分辨测量相结合。在过去的1.5年里，该方法已在瑞典南部的一个垃圾填埋场进行了测试和应用。该方法已被证明是一种可用于测量垃圾填埋场总甲烷排放量的方法，在有利的气象条件下，我们估计可达到的精度为15% - 30%。傅里叶变换红外光谱仪的实时分析能力使得能够在现场就判断测量是否成功，并决定是否需要进行更多测量。测量策略相对简单直接，一个人可以在几天到一周内根据气象情况对一个中型垃圾填埋场（1 - 4公顷）进行测量。
