Malignancy: Case Report: Hypereosinophilia Progressing to Granulocytic Sarcoma and Acute Myelocytic Leukemia with Trisomy 8: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Conditions associated with increased peripheral blood and bone marrow eosinophil count may be reactive, clonal or idiopathic. Clonal eosinophilic disorders are characterized by increased production of eosinophils alongside a clone of malignant cells. In these patients, the eosinophils can either be demonstrated as being part of the malignant clone or produced as a result of cytokine production by the malignant clone. Criteria for the diagnosis of idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) include the exclusion of other known causes of hypereosinophilia. A few patients with the initial diagnosis of HES develop clonal disorders manifested by granulocytic sarcoma or acute leukemia. We report a patient with a nine year history of HES before progressing to chloroma and acute leukemia. Cytogenetic studies on the bone marrow specimen revealed trisomy 8. This report and others in the literature support the concept that at least some cases of HES are as yet unidentified clonal diseases. Cytogenetic studies are therefore recommended at diagnosis and during the follow up of patients with HES.