Wyska E, Jusko W J
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, USA.
Semin Perinatol. 2001 Jun;25(3):124-32. doi: 10.1053/sper.2001.24905.
The modern approach in the field of pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics is the development of models based on the mechanisms of drug action and their alteration of physiologic processes. Such models often require consideration of the input and disposition kinetics of the drug, distribution to sites of action (biophase), processes controlling receptor binding or mediator turnover, mechanisms of drug activity, and signal transduction steps. Responses can often be categorized as: Direct (rapidly or slowly reversible), Indirect (inhibitory or stimulatory), or Irreversible. Further, there may be alterations in the system owing to tolerance, counter-regulation, pathophysiology, or physiological changes such as gender or pregnancy. Mathematical and computational tools are necessary for processing data. This article overviews many available pharmacodynamic models with an indication of the diverse approaches for quantitation of pharmacologic responses. Examples from the literature are illustrated with emphasis on changes occurring in kinetics and dynamics during pregnancy.
药代动力学/药效学领域的现代方法是基于药物作用机制及其对生理过程的改变来开发模型。此类模型通常需要考虑药物的输入和处置动力学、药物作用部位（生物相）的分布、控制受体结合或介质周转的过程、药物活性机制以及信号转导步骤。反应通常可分为：直接（快速或缓慢可逆）、间接（抑制性或刺激性）或不可逆。此外，由于耐受性、反调节、病理生理学或诸如性别或妊娠等生理变化，系统可能会发生改变。处理数据需要数学和计算工具。本文概述了许多可用的药效学模型，并指出了定量药理反应的不同方法。文中列举了文献中的实例，重点阐述了妊娠期间动力学和动态变化情况。
