Whitlatch C J, Schur D, Noelker L S, Ejaz F K, Looman W J
The Margaret Blenkner Research Center, The Benjamin Rose Institute, The Citizens Building, 850 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44114-3301, USA.
Gerontologist. 2001 Aug;41(4):462-73. doi: 10.1093/geront/41.4.462.
This study adapts the Stress Process Model (SPM) of family caregiving to examine the predictors of depression in a sample of caregivers (n = 133) with demented relatives residing in suburban skilled nursing facilities.
We interviewed family caregivers of family members residing in skilled nursing homes using a variety of measures to assess primary stressors, secondary strain, nursing home stressors, and caregiver depression. We used block-wise regression analyses to determine the predictors of caregiver depression.
Results indicated that positive resident adjustment to placement was best predicted by the closeness of the resident-caregiver relationship and nursing home stressors. Caregiver strain, resident adjustment, and nursing home stressors best predicted caregiver adjustment. In turn, the best predictors of caregiver depression included caregiver age, caregiver adjustment to the nursing home, and nursing home stressors.
These results suggest that caregiver depression is closely linked to how well both the resident and caregiver adjust to the nursing home environment. Results also indicate that by broadening the SPM to include stressors common to the nursing home experience, researchers will be able to understand more clearly the specific components of the stress process that may lead to depression in family caregivers of persons living in nursing homes.
本研究采用家庭照顾的压力过程模型（SPM），以调查居住在郊区专业护理机构中照顾患有痴呆症亲属的照顾者样本（n = 133）中抑郁症的预测因素。
我们使用多种测量方法，对居住在专业护理院的家庭成员的家庭照顾者进行访谈，以评估主要压力源、继发性压力、护理院压力源和照顾者抑郁情况。我们使用逐步回归分析来确定照顾者抑郁的预测因素。
结果表明，居民与照顾者关系的亲密程度和护理院压力源最能预测居民对安置的积极适应情况。照顾者压力、居民适应情况和护理院压力源最能预测照顾者的适应情况。反过来，照顾者抑郁的最佳预测因素包括照顾者年龄、照顾者对护理院的适应情况以及护理院压力源。
这些结果表明，照顾者抑郁与居民和照顾者对护理院环境的适应程度密切相关。结果还表明，通过扩展SPM以纳入护理院经历中常见的压力源，研究人员将能够更清楚地了解压力过程中可能导致居住在护理院的人的家庭照顾者抑郁的具体组成部分。
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