Johnson J D, Hutchison K A, Trammell Neill W
Department of Psychology, University of Albany, State University of New York, 12222, USA.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2001 Aug;27(4):841-7. doi: 10.1037//0096-1523.27.4.841.
Four experiments investigated attentional capture by a color singleton in visual search for a nonsingleton target. B. S. Gibson and E. M. Kelsey (1998) found that a color singleton in a precuing array facilitated target discrimination at that location if the same color also signaled the target array onset. The authors found similar cuing effects regardless of whether the singleton color matched the target array and regardless of whether subjects could anticipate the singleton or target-array color. In Experiment 4, a color singleton captured attention when it appeared in the precuing array but not when it appeared in the target array. The results indicate that attentional control settings for displaywide attributes are imprecise: Although subjects may anticipate a specific color, they cannot avoid attentional capture by other irrelevant colors. In addition, the effect of irrelevant singletons depends on whether a target is simultaneously present in the array.
四项实验研究了在视觉搜索非单一目标时颜色单一物对注意力的捕获。B. S. 吉布森和E. M. 凯尔西（1998年）发现，如果预提示阵列中的颜色单一物的颜色也标志着目标阵列的开始，那么该位置的目标辨别会得到促进。作者发现了类似的提示效应，无论单一物颜色是否与目标阵列匹配，也无论受试者是否能够预测单一物或目标阵列的颜色。在实验4中，当颜色单一物出现在预提示阵列中时会捕获注意力，但出现在目标阵列中时则不会。结果表明，针对全显示属性的注意力控制设置并不精确：尽管受试者可能预期特定颜色，但他们无法避免被其他无关颜色捕获注意力。此外，无关单一物的效应取决于阵列中是否同时存在目标。
