Tanaka T, Takeda H, Izumi T, Ino S, Ifukube T
Department of Physical Therapy, Sapporo Medical University, Japan.
Phys Occup Ther Geriatr. 1997;15(2):1-14.
The purpose of this study was to assess the limitations of the head and lumbar movements in relation to the center of gravity which is needed to maintain standing balance with aging. The subjects of the study were 22 healthy volunteers. The subjects were divided into two age categories, the young group (mean 21.7 +/- 2.9 years, 7 males and 6 females); and the elderly group (mean 71.3 +/-2.6 years, 3 males and 4 females). The instruments for measuring lumbar and head movements and the center of pressure (COP) were a three-dimensional motion analysis system and a force plate. In addition, the peak foot pressure was measured during standing using the F-Scan system. The subjects were first asked to stand relaxed for 10 s. They then shifted from the starting position to the four directions (sways); anterior, posterior, right, and left. They tried to maintain standing balance at the maximal possible distance position for each sway for 10 seconds. Analyzing parameters were performed by measuring the average maximal linear displacement (cm) of the head and lumbar markers, the COP (cm), and the peak foot pressure (percent of body weight per squared centimeters; BW%/cm2) in each subject. The data of the young group for lumbar maximal displacement were greater than those of the elderly group in the anterior, posterior, and lateral sways. A significant difference between the young and elderly data was found in the posterior sway. According to the data of the head's maximal displacement, the elderly group was greater than the young group in all sways except for the anterior side. For the data of peak foot pressure in the posterior sway, the elderly group's data was greater than the young group's data. The forefoot area data of the young group was significantly greater than that of the elderly group and the heel area data of the elderly was significantly greater than that of the young group in the right sway. The results suggest that evaluating the maximal displacement of head and lumbar positions and toe's activity in the forefoot are all important factors associated with the center of gravity in healthy adults.
本研究的目的是评估头部和腰部运动相对于维持老年人站立平衡所需重心的局限性。研究对象为22名健康志愿者。受试者分为两个年龄组，年轻组（平均21.7±2.9岁，男性7名，女性6名）；老年组（平均71.3±2.6岁，男性3名，女性4名）。测量腰部和头部运动以及压力中心（COP）的仪器是三维运动分析系统和测力板。此外，使用F-Scan系统在站立时测量峰值足底压力。首先要求受试者放松站立10秒。然后他们从起始位置向四个方向（摆动）移动；向前、向后、向右和向左。他们试图在每次摆动的最大可能距离位置保持站立平衡10秒。通过测量每个受试者头部和腰部标记的平均最大线性位移（厘米）、COP（厘米）和峰值足底压力（每平方厘米体重百分比；BW%/cm²）来进行分析参数。年轻组在向前、向后和侧向摆动中腰部最大位移的数据大于老年组。在向后摆动中发现年轻组和老年组数据存在显著差异。根据头部最大位移的数据，除了向前侧外，老年组在所有摆动中的数据都大于年轻组。对于向后摆动中峰值足底压力的数据，老年组的数据大于年轻组的数据。在向右摆动中，年轻组的前足区域数据显著大于老年组，老年组的足跟区域数据显著大于年轻组。结果表明，评估头部和腰部位置的最大位移以及前足中脚趾的活动都是与健康成年人重心相关的重要因素。
