Roslik G V, Kriukov A P
Institute of Soil Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022 Russia.
Genetika. 2001 Jul;37(7):962-73.
Karyotypes were studied in the hooded and carrion crows, their naturally occurred hybrids, the jungle crow, the azure-winged magpie (2n = 80 in all aforementioned birds), and the magpie (2n = 82). Corvine birds of Primorskii Krai were karyotyped for the first time. In addition to the similarity in the diploid chromosome sets, corvine birds were shown to have a similar structure of karyotype: in all studied birds, 14 macrochromosomes (Mchs) classified into three groups according to their size were detected. By karyotype structure, birds belonging to the same genus are similar. Some intergeneric differences are due to a change in the position of centromeres of the largest and sex chromosomes. Karyotypes of interspecific hybrids of crows are remarkable for the presence of heteromorphic (t/st) chromosome pair 2 in some individuals, which apparently does not affect their fecundity. Using differential C-banding, the sex chromosome W in female magpies was identified. In addition, heteromorphism was detected in C-bands of homologs of Mch pair 4 in the hooded crow. In the jungle crow, the azure-winged magpie, and the magpie, bright QH-bands and numerous G-bands were detected on Mchs and on some microchromosomes only. Active Ag-NOR-bands were detected on one macrochromosome pair in the magpie. In all, the karyotype structure of corvine birds is comparable to the basic structural scheme of the karyotype in the order Passeriformes, which confirms the concept of conservatism of the avian karyotype.
对 hooded 乌鸦、食腐乌鸦、它们自然产生的杂交种、丛林乌鸦、蓝翅喜鹊（上述所有鸟类的 2n = 80）以及喜鹊（2n = 82）的核型进行了研究。滨海边疆区的鸦科鸟类首次进行了核型分析。除了二倍体染色体组相似外，鸦科鸟类还具有相似的核型结构：在所有研究的鸟类中，检测到 14 条根据大小分为三组的大染色体（Mchs）。从核型结构来看，属于同一属的鸟类相似。一些属间差异是由于最大染色体和性染色体着丝粒位置的变化。乌鸦种间杂交种的核型在一些个体中存在异形（t/st）染色体对 2，这显然不影响它们的繁殖力。使用差异 C 带法，鉴定出了雌性喜鹊中的性染色体 W。此外，在 hooded 乌鸦中，Mch 对 4 的同源染色体的 C 带中检测到了异形现象。在丛林乌鸦、蓝翅喜鹊和喜鹊中，仅在大染色体和一些微染色体上检测到明亮的 QH 带和大量的 G 带。在喜鹊的一对大染色体上检测到了活跃的 Ag-NOR 带。总体而言，鸦科鸟类的核型结构与雀形目核型的基本结构模式相当，这证实了鸟类核型保守性的概念。
