Aerial application of N-trityl morpholine to irrigation canals in Sudan.

Using a crop-spraying aircraft modified to give a coarse spray, the feasibility of aerial application of the molluscicide N-trityl morpholine to minor canals on the Gezira has been proved. In January 1973, seven canals were sprayed at dosages of 0-1 p.p.m., 0-2 p.p.m., 0-5 p.p.m. and 1-0 p.p.m. Chemical analysis indicated that about 70% of the chemical was present in the water 5-15 hours after the spray, and snail exposure to the sprayed canals indicated that all dosages applied were lethal to Biomphalaria snails. Bulinus snails, which are less susceptible to the molluscicide, were killed only by the 0-5 p.p.m. and 1-0 p.p.m. dosages. Sampling of the natural snail populations of the canals confirmed these results. In March 1973, an area of 464 sq km was treated by drip-feed of 0-1 p.p.m. N-trityl morpholine to kill snails in the main and major canals, and then by aerial spraying 56 of the 58 minor canals in the area. Despite the high winds which disrupted the spray timetable, the canals were successfully treated in 9-5 hours flying-time within seven days. A very high initial snail kill was indicated by both caged snail exposure and natural snail population sampling. However, in excellent snail breeding conditions the area was reinfested with snails within two months. The cost of the application was only 5% of the chemical cost, and aerial spraying in March and May will almost certainly be incorporated in an annual snail control programme.