Greeff J M, Nason J D, Compton S G
Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa.
Proc Biol Sci. 2001 Oct 22;268(1481):2143-7. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2001.1771.
Models predict a reduced allocation to sperm when females preferentially use one of two males' sperm and the males do not know who is favoured. An analogous discounting occurs in plants when their paternity success is skewed by random, non-heritable factors such as location in the population and pollinator behaviour. We present a model that shows that skewed paternity can affect the sex allocation of hermaphrodites, that is it leads to a female-biased investment. The model highlights the close links between local mate competition and sperm competition. We use paternity data from Ficus in order to illustrate that skews in paternity success can lead to a high degree of sibling gamete competition in an apparently open breeding system. Since skews in paternity are ubiquitous in hermaphroditic plants and animals these findings should apply broadly.
当雌性优先使用两个雄性之一的精子且雄性不知道谁受青睐时，模型预测精子分配会减少。当植物的父本成功受到随机、非遗传因素（如在种群中的位置和传粉者行为）的影响而出现偏差时，也会出现类似的折扣现象。我们提出了一个模型，该模型表明父本偏差会影响雌雄同体生物的性别分配，即导致偏向雌性的投资。该模型突出了局部配偶竞争与精子竞争之间的紧密联系。我们利用榕树的父本数据来说明，在一个看似开放的繁殖系统中，父本成功的偏差会导致高度的同胞配子竞争。由于父本偏差在雌雄同体的植物和动物中普遍存在，这些发现应该具有广泛的适用性。
