Capasso L
Beni Culturali e Ambientali, Roma, Italia.
Med Secoli. 1995;7(3):435-44.
Authors examines the paleopathologic evidences of the atmosferic pollution in ancient time, point out the attention on two principal findings: pulmonar anthracosis and lead exposure. Pulmonar anthracosis is present in many mummified bodies and was due to the deposition on the pulmonar alveoli of carbon particles coming from the combustion of oils or vegetables for illumination, cooking or heating. Lead atmosferic pollution was very high between V century B.C. and III century A.D. in the North emisphere, in consequence to the impressive quantity of lead produced by Greek and Roman metallurgic technology (perhaps 80,000 metric tons per year around the start of I century AD). Cumulative lead fallout to the Greenland Ice Sheet during these eight centuries was as high as 15 percent of that caused by the massive use of lead alkyl additives in gasoline since the 1930s. Finally, the high atmosferic lead concentration caused a high exposure of humans to the lead: in fact paleopathologists, have clarely demonstrated a high quantity of lead concentration in the human bone dated to the period between III century B.C. and VI century AD circa.
作者研究了古代大气污染的古病理学证据,指出要关注两个主要发现:肺炭末沉着病和铅暴露。许多木乃伊尸体中都存在肺炭末沉着病,这是由于用于照明、烹饪或取暖的油类或植物燃烧产生的碳颗粒沉积在肺泡上所致。在公元前5世纪至公元3世纪期间,北半球的大气铅污染非常严重,这是希腊和罗马冶金技术产生的大量铅(公元1世纪初左右可能每年达80000公吨)造成的。在这八个世纪中,格陵兰冰原累积的铅沉降量高达20世纪30年代以来大量使用汽油中的烷基铅添加剂所造成沉降量的15%。最后,高大气铅浓度导致人类大量接触铅:事实上,古病理学家已经清楚地证明,在大约公元前3世纪至公元6世纪的人类骨骼中铅浓度很高。