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[科学词库中的医学出版物]

[Medical publications in the Scientific Thesaurus].

作者信息

Jobst A

机构信息

Semmelweis Medical Historical Museum, Budapest.

出版信息

Orvostort Kozl. 1994;40(1-2):55-64.


DOI:
PMID:11640339
Abstract

As a result of the increased public interest the first academic journals in sciences, providing anyone with easily accessible information, appeared from the 17th-18th century in Europe. These early journals were encyclopaedic and involved all branches of sciences. This was partly due to the few number of scientists but to the systematising methods of the Enlightenment as well. The first such paper in Hungarian came out only in 1814 (edited by Gábor Döbrentei) but owing to the little interest it had not lasted longer than four years. The next one, the Scientific Thesaurus, was the longest surviving journal in the first half of 19th century Hungary, published also in Hungarian. The Scientific Thesaurus was also characterised by the publication of a wide range of academic subjects, and though only in supplements, even literature. Dr. Jobst's paper investigated all the fifty medical publications of the Scientific Thesaurus. She concludes that it fulfilled the expectations academic journals were faced with. Through its publications it played an especially important role in distributing newly invented Hungarian terms for anatomy, medicine, and surgery (and for all other fields of natural sciences alike) which was indispensable for creating an independent Hungarian scientific language that could replace Latin and German, the two main lingue franca in Hungarian science so far. the Scientific Thesaurus gave way for special registers of invented scientific terms and also for the disputes that usually followed them. Another field was the presentation of the principles of recent medical schools into Hungarian academic life, such as homeopathy, Mesmerism, Brownism, balneology and traditional medicine. The editors equally stood for the publication of theoretical papers and those reciting the counter measures taken during cholera and small pox epidemics, the development of health organisations, hospital work, etc. In the field of medicine the Scientific Thesaurus carried out its mission in informing not only the Hungarian physician, pharmacist or scientist but the general public as well, about new schools, achievements, and breakthroughs of healing.

摘要

由于公众兴趣的增加,17至18世纪在欧洲出现了首批科学学术期刊,为任何人提供易于获取的信息。这些早期期刊内容包罗万象,涵盖了科学的所有分支。这部分是由于科学家数量较少,但也是启蒙运动系统化方法的结果。匈牙利的第一篇此类论文直到1814年才发表(由加博尔·德布伦泰编辑),但由于兴趣寥寥,它只存续了不到四年。下一本期刊《科学宝库》是19世纪上半叶匈牙利存续时间最长的期刊,也是用匈牙利语出版的。《科学宝库》同样以广泛发表学术主题为特色,甚至包括文学,不过只是以增刊形式。约布斯特博士的论文研究了《科学宝库》的所有五十种医学出版物。她得出结论,该期刊达到了学术期刊所面临的期望。通过其出版物,它在传播匈牙利解剖学(和所有其他自然科学领域)、医学和外科新发明的术语方面发挥了特别重要的作用,这对于创建一种能够取代匈牙利科学界迄今为止的两种主要通用语言——拉丁语和德语的独立匈牙利科学语言来说是必不可少的。《科学宝库》为发明的科学术语的专门登记簿以及随之而来的争议让路。另一个领域是将近代医学院校的理念引入匈牙利学术生活,比如顺势疗法、动物磁气说、布朗医学、浴疗学和传统医学。编辑们同样支持发表理论论文以及那些讲述霍乱和天花疫情期间采取的应对措施、卫生组织的发展、医院工作等方面的论文。在医学领域,《科学宝库》不仅向匈牙利的医生、药剂师或科学家,也向普通公众通报了新学派、成就和治疗方面的突破,从而完成了其使命。

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