Hegde N R, Srikumaran S
Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201-3098, USA.
Anim Health Res Rev. 2000 Dec;1(2):103-18. doi: 10.1017/s1466252300000098.
The control of several infectious diseases of animals by vaccination is perhaps the most outstanding accomplishment of veterinary medicine in the last century. Even the eradication of some pathogens is in sight, at least in some parts of the world. However, infectious diseases continue to cost millions of dollars to the livestock industry. One of the reasons for the failure to control certain pathogens is the limited emphasis placed on cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in the design of vaccines against these pathogens. Traditionally, vaccine-induced immunity has been studied in relation to antibody-mediated protection. More recent studies, however, have focused on understanding CMI and developing means of inducing CMI. This review focuses on recent advances made in the study of CMI in general and of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in particular. Parallels from studies in human and mouse immunology are drawn in order to point out implications to bovine immunology, specifically for immunity against bovine herpesvirus 1.
通过接种疫苗来控制多种动物传染病，这或许是上个世纪兽医学最杰出的成就。甚至在世界的某些地区，根除一些病原体也指日可待。然而，传染病仍给畜牧业造成数百万美元的损失。无法控制某些病原体的原因之一是，在针对这些病原体设计疫苗时，对细胞介导免疫（CMI）的重视有限。传统上，疫苗诱导的免疫一直是围绕抗体介导的保护作用来研究的。然而，最近的研究集中在理解细胞介导免疫并开发诱导细胞介导免疫的方法上。本综述着重介绍细胞介导免疫研究，尤其是细胞毒性T淋巴细胞研究方面的最新进展。借鉴人类和小鼠免疫学研究的相似之处，以指出对牛免疫学的启示，特别是针对牛疱疹病毒1的免疫。
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