Di Gianantonio E, Schaefer C, Mastroiacovo P P, Cournot M P, Benedicenti F, Reuvers M, Occupati B, Robert E, Bellemin B, Addis A, Arnon J, Clementi M
Servizio di Informazione Teratologica (SIT), Genetica Clinica ed Epidemiologica, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy.
Teratology. 2001 Nov;64(5):262-6. doi: 10.1002/tera.1072.
A specific phenotype of methimazole (MMI) induced malformations has recently been postulated. MMI embryopathy is characterized by minor dysmorphic features, choanal atresia and/or esophageal atresia, growth retardation, and developmental delay.
We prospectively studied the outcome of pregnancy in 241 women counseled by 10 Teratology Information Services (TIS) of the European Network of Teratology Information Services (ENTIS) because of MMI exposure, and compared them with those of 1,089 pregnant women referred to TIS because of exposure to nonteratogenic drugs (control group). Information was obtained by mail or telephone interview.
There was no increase in the general rate of major anomalies or of spontaneous or induced abortions in the MMI-exposed group in comparison with the control group. Two newborns were affected with one of the major malformations that are part of the postulated embryopathy.
The results of this study indicate that choanal as well as esophageal atresia may have a higher incidence than expected in fetuses exposed to MMI between 3 and 7 gestational weeks. Until further data are available, thyrotoxicosis should be treated with propylthiouracil, as it is apparently safer for use during the fertile period.
最近有人提出甲巯咪唑（MMI）诱导畸形存在一种特定的表型。MMI胚胎病的特征为轻微的畸形特征、后鼻孔闭锁和/或食管闭锁、生长发育迟缓以及发育延迟。
我们前瞻性地研究了欧洲致畸学信息服务网络（ENTIS）的10个致畸学信息服务机构（TIS）为241名因接触MMI前来咨询的女性的妊娠结局，并将其与1089名因接触非致畸性药物前来TIS咨询的孕妇（对照组）的妊娠结局进行比较。通过邮件或电话访谈获取信息。
与对照组相比，MMI暴露组的主要畸形、自然流产或人工流产的总体发生率没有增加。有两名新生儿出现了被认为是胚胎病一部分的主要畸形之一。
本研究结果表明，在妊娠第3至7周接触MMI的胎儿中，后鼻孔闭锁和食管闭锁的发生率可能高于预期。在有更多数据之前，甲状腺毒症应使用丙硫氧嘧啶治疗，因为它在育龄期使用显然更安全。
