Gibbon Fiona E, Crampin Lisa
Queen Margaret University College, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2002 Jan;39(1):40-9. doi: 10.1597/1545-1569_2002_039_0040_lldais_2.0.co_2.
Labial-lingual double articulations (LLDAs) are speech errors involving simultaneous valving at the lips and in the linguapalatal region. This study investigates the frequency of LLDAs occurring for /p/, /b/, and /m/ targets and describes the linguapalatal contact patterns involved in these abnormal articulations.
A retrospective study involving analysis of articulatory data from all speakers with cleft palate recorded at a research center over a 10-year period.
Twenty-seven speakers aged 5 to 62 years (median 11 years) with compensatory speech errors associated with repaired cleft palate.
The lingual component of LLDAs was identified using electropalatography (EPG). EPG data were recorded simultaneously with acoustic data. Fifteen bilabial targets (/p/, /b/, /m/) per participant were analyzed. LLDAs were identified in cases where complete linguapalatal constriction (as observed from EPG data) occurred throughout the closure phase of bilabial targets. The labial component of LLDAs was identified from clinical observations of the speakers made during productions of bilabial targets.
Three speakers (11%) frequently produced LLDAs for bilabial targets. The configuration of tongue-palate contacts involved in the lingual component of the LLDAs differed in each of the three speakers: one speaker had velar constriction, another had alveolar constriction, and the third had simultaneous alveolar-velar constriction. LLDAs did not similarly affect bilabial targets in the three speakers. One speaker produced LLDAs for /p/ and /b/ targets only. Another produced LLDAs for all /m/ targets but inconsistently for /p/ and /b/ targets. The third speaker produced LLDAs for all /b/ targets but inconsistently for /p/ and /m/ targets.
LLDAs occurred in a minority of speakers investigated. Nevertheless, it is argued that it is important to identify LLDAs for clinical decision making and for research purposes. The results from this study add to current knowledge about abnormal articulations in cleft palate speech, but further research is needed into the precise timing of lip and tongue-palate closures and into the airflow and acoustic characteristics of LLDAs.
唇-舌双重发音(LLDAs)是一种言语错误,涉及唇部和舌腭区域同时形成阻碍。本研究调查了以/p/、/b/和/m/为目标音时LLDAs出现的频率,并描述了这些异常发音中涉及的舌腭接触模式。
一项回顾性研究,涉及对研究中心在10年期间记录的所有腭裂患者的发音数据进行分析。
27名年龄在5至62岁(中位数11岁)之间、有与腭裂修复相关的代偿性言语错误的患者。
使用电子腭图(EPG)确定LLDAs的舌部成分。EPG数据与声学数据同时记录。对每位参与者的15个双唇目标音(/p/、/b/、/m/)进行分析。在双唇目标音的整个闭合阶段出现完全舌腭收缩(从EPG数据观察到)的情况下识别LLDAs。LLDAs的唇部成分通过在双唇目标音发音过程中对患者的临床观察来确定。
三名患者(11%)经常出现针对双唇目标音的LLDAs。三名患者中,LLDAs舌部成分所涉及的舌-腭接触形态各不相同:一名患者出现软腭收缩,另一名出现牙槽收缩,第三名则同时出现牙槽-软腭收缩。LLDAs对三名患者的双唇目标音的影响也不相同。一名患者仅在/p/和/b/目标音时出现LLDAs。另一名患者在所有/m/目标音时出现LLDAs,但在/p/和/b/目标音时出现的情况不一致。第三名患者在所有/b/目标音时出现LLDAs,但在/p/和/m/目标音时出现的情况不一致。
在所调查的患者中,LLDAs仅出现在少数患者中。然而,有人认为,识别LLDAs对于临床决策和研究目的很重要。本研究结果增加了目前关于腭裂语音异常发音的知识,但需要进一步研究唇和舌-腭闭合的精确时间以及LLDAs的气流和声学特征。