Short-time dynamics of colloidal particles confined between two walls.

The short-time dynamics of colloidal particles in a quasi-two-dimensional geometry is studied by digital video microscopy. The particles (polystyrene spheres) are suspended in water and confined between two parallel glass plates, forming an effective two-dimensional system. The (effective) two-dimensional van Hove function G(r,t) and its self and distinct part are measured with a time resolution of 1/30 s. We found that the general behavior of these time-correlation functions (and their Fourier transforms) is quite similar to that of their three-dimensional counterparts. The effects of the strong hydrodynamic coupling of the particles motion to the walls and that due to the hydrodynamic interactions between particles are contained in the (effective) hydrodynamic function H(k) obtained from the initial slope of F(k,t) [the Fourier transform of G(r,t)]. We found that H(k), as a function of the wave vector k and particle concentration, exhibits a similar qualitative behavior to the hydrodynamic function in homogeneous three-dimensional suspensions of hard spheres. We also found in our systems that the particle fluctuations relax only by self-diffusion for wave vectors where the static structure factor S(k)=1. This result is important for measurements of self-diffusion dynamics in three-dimensional systems by light scattering techniques.