[Characteristics of nucleolar organization and function under condition of complete spatial in situ disassembly of its main structural components].

It is well known that fibrillar centers (FC) constitute an essential structural component of the active nucleolus in mammalian cells, yet their role in regulation of ribosomal gene transcription still remains an open question. Here, we studied the activity of endogenous RNA polymerase I upon partial and complete unraveling of nucleoli and FCs. The pattern of BrUTP incorporation in nuclei of hypotonically-treated cells was shown to be essentially the same as in the control untreated cells. Moreover, the sites of BrUTP incorporation, which revealed the active PNA polymerase I, were completely coincident with UBF-binding sites. These observations allow to conclude that structural integrity of FCs is not a prerequisite for maintenance of the active RNA polymerase I transcriptional complex. When the action of hypotonic shock was ceased and the cells were transferred to a complete cultural medium, the swollen nucleoli recovered to the control state. Therefore it is possible to conclude that none of the main morphological nucleolar counterparts, such as FCs, dense fibrillar component or the pars granulosa, is responsible for the maintenance of the nucleolar structural and functional integrity. A suggestion is made that this role may be played by the nucleolar matrix associated with the RNA polymerase I transcriptional complex.