Conto Stacey I Manley, Myers Jamie S
Clin J Oncol Nurs. 2002 Mar-Apr;6(2):83-7. doi: 10.1188/02.CJON.83-87.
Women with a family history of breast cancer have an increased risk of developing the disease. Women identified as "high risk" for developing breast cancer have been shown to exhibit increased levels of psychological distress and anxiety related to breast cancer. Oncology nurses can address this barrier and others, such as altered risk perception and lack of physician recommendation for screening. Oncology nurses also can identify high-risk families that may be candidates for genetic testing for breast cancer susceptibility, provide comprehensive teaching about breast self-examination (BSE), and clarify misconceptions about early detection. Primary prevention measures for hereditary breast cancer include prophylactic mastectomy and oophorectomy and chemopreventative agents. Secondary prevention measures include screening and early detection with mammography, clinical breast examinations, and BSE. Nurses have a responsibility to educate families of patients with breast cancer about risk factors, primary and secondary preventive measures, genetic testing, and screening recommendations.
有乳腺癌家族史的女性患该病的风险会增加。已证实，被确定为乳腺癌“高风险”的女性表现出与乳腺癌相关的心理困扰和焦虑水平升高。肿瘤学护士可以克服这一障碍以及其他障碍，如风险认知改变和缺乏医生的筛查建议。肿瘤学护士还可以识别可能是乳腺癌易感性基因检测对象的高风险家庭，提供关于乳房自我检查（BSE）的全面教导，并澄清有关早期检测的误解。遗传性乳腺癌的一级预防措施包括预防性乳房切除术和卵巢切除术以及化学预防药物。二级预防措施包括通过乳房X光检查、临床乳房检查和BSE进行筛查和早期检测。护士有责任向乳腺癌患者的家属传授风险因素、一级和二级预防措施、基因检测以及筛查建议。
