[Current aspects of endolaryngeal and endotracheal microsurgery in children].

Achievements of today's laryngeal and tracheal surgery came for the most part from novel optic techniques and anesthesia. All the operations were performed with application of the microscope or endoscopic devices. Gas exchange was provided differently: using volume, injection and high frequency artificial ventilation of the lungs. An individual approach to gas exchange technique in respiratory obstruction allowed to avoid emergency tracheotomy. A laryngeal mask was used in children for air delivery in fibrotracheobronchoscopy. Removal of tumors, dissection of laryngeal scars, trachea and bronchi were made by means of ultrasound and laser equipment. Interventions are considered for each condition.