Identification of genes responsive to sodium butyrate in colonic epithelial cells.

We identified genes responsive to sodium butyrate (SB) in colonic epithelial cells using cDNA microarrays. Treatment with 2 mM SB of colonic epithelial cells (MCE301), which was derived from transgenic mice harboring a temperature-sensitive simian virus 40 large T-antigen, arrested cell growth and showed a differentiated phenotype accompanying an increase in alkaline phosphatase activity. Of the approximately 900 genes analyzed, SB down-regulated 25 genes and up-regulated 88 genes by a factor of 2.0 or greater. Northern blot or TaqMan and Western blot analyses confirmed that the mRNA and protein levels of cyclin D1 and the level of proliferating cell nuclear antigen decreased, whereas the levels of integrin beta1 and osteopontin increased. The present results regarding the changes in gene expression, arrived at using microarrays, will provide a basis for a further understanding of the molecular mechanisms of cell growth arrest and differentiation in response to SB in colonic epithelial cells.