Kostamo Auli, Hyvärinen Heikki, Pellinen Jukka, Kukkonen Jussi V K
Department of Biology, University of Joensuu, Finland.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2002 Jul;21(7):1368-76.
Organochlorine and mercury (Hg) pollution has been one possible reason for a decline in the size of the population of the Saimaa ringed seal (Phoca hispida saimensis) in Lake Haukivesi, Finland. In this study, we analyzed changes in the concentrations of organochlorine compounds (OCls) and extractable organic halogen (EOX) in the blubber of Saimaa ringed seals that died from 1981 to 2000. In addition, the present concentrations and biomagnification factors of OCls and Hg from the main prey fish of ringed seal and pike (Esox lucius) were determined. Concentrations of pollutants in bream (Abramis brama) also were analyzed. The decline in the OCl concentrations in blubber was, on average, 25% during the two decades since polychlorinated biphenyls and DDT compounds were banned. Today, concentrations in blubber of Saimaa ringed seals are similar of those in ringed seals from the Arctic. Correspondingly in fish, the OCl and Hg concentrations were, on average, similar to those found in other studies on Finnish and Arctic areas. The low diet concentrations and metabolism of OCls also reflect the lower age correlation of OCls in the male ringed seals in the 1990s than in the 1980s. Biomagnification was considerably higher from fish to the ringed seal than from prey fish to pike because of higher feeding rate of ringed seals and differences in the metabolisms of these animals.
有机氯和汞污染可能是芬兰豪基韦西湖塞马环斑海豹（Phoca hispida saimensis）种群数量减少的一个原因。在本研究中，我们分析了1981年至2000年期间死亡的塞马环斑海豹脂肪中有机氯化合物（OCls）和可提取有机卤素（EOX）浓度的变化。此外，还测定了环斑海豹和梭子鱼（Esox lucius）主要猎物鱼中OCls和汞的当前浓度及生物放大因子。同时分析了鲷鱼（Abramis brama）中的污染物浓度。自多氯联苯和滴滴涕化合物被禁止以来的二十年里，海豹脂肪中OCls浓度平均下降了25%。如今，塞马环斑海豹脂肪中的浓度与北极环斑海豹的浓度相似。相应地，在鱼类中，OCls和汞的浓度平均与芬兰和北极地区其他研究中的浓度相似。OCls的低饮食浓度和代谢也反映出20世纪90年代雄性环斑海豹中OCls的年龄相关性低于20世纪80年代。由于环斑海豹的摄食率较高以及这些动物新陈代谢的差异，从鱼类到环斑海豹的生物放大作用比从猎物鱼到梭子鱼的生物放大作用要高得多。
