Mutoh Tatsushi, Nishimura Ryohei, Sasaki Nobuo
Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
Am J Vet Res. 2002 Jul;63(7):1022-8. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.2002.63.1022.
To characterize the effects of medetomidine-midazolam, midazolam-butorphanol, or acepromazine-butorphanol as premedicants for mask induction of anesthesia with sevoflurane in dogs.
10 healthy Beagles.
The following premedicants were administered intramuscularly: medetomidine-midazolam (20 microg/kg and 0.3 mg/kg, respectively), midazolam-butorphanol (0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg, respectively), and acepromazine-butorphanol (0.05 and 0.2 mg/kg, respectively). Saline (0.9% NaCI) solution (0.1 ml/kg) was administered intramuscularly as a control. Anesthesia was induced in each dog with sevoflurane in a 100% O2 at a flow rate of 4 L/min developed by a facemask. Vaporizer settings were increased by 0.8% at 15-second intervals until the value corresponding to 4.8% sevoflurane was achieved. Time to onset and cessation of involuntary movements, loss of the palpebral reflex, negative response to tail-clamp stimulation, and endotracheal intubation were recorded, and the cardiopulmonary variables were measured.
Mask induction with sevoflurane in dogs that received each premedicant resulted in a shorter induction time and milder changes in heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, cardiac output, and respiratory rate, compared with mask induction without premedicants. Treatment with medetomidine-midazolam resulted in a shorter and smoother induction, compared with acepromazine-butorphanol or midazolam-butorphanol treatment, whereas the cardiovascular changes were greater. Cardiopulmonary variables of dogs during induction following treatment with acepromazine-butorphanol or midazolam-butorphanol were maintained close to the anesthetic maintenance values for sevoflurane, with the exception of mild hypotension that was observed in dogs following acepromazine-butorphanol treatment.
In dogs use of premedicants provides a smoother and better quality mask induction with sevoflurane.
描述美托咪定-咪达唑仑、咪达唑仑-布托啡诺或乙酰丙嗪-布托啡诺作为犬七氟醚面罩诱导麻醉的术前用药的效果。
10只健康比格犬。
肌肉注射以下术前用药：美托咪定-咪达唑仑（分别为20微克/千克和0.3毫克/千克）、咪达唑仑-布托啡诺（分别为0.1和0.2毫克/千克）、乙酰丙嗪-布托啡诺（分别为0.05和0.2毫克/千克）。肌肉注射生理盐水（0.9%氯化钠）溶液（0.1毫升/千克）作为对照。每只犬通过面罩在100%氧气中以4升/分钟的流速用七氟醚诱导麻醉。蒸发器设置每隔15秒增加0.8%，直至达到相当于4.8%七氟醚的值。记录非自主运动开始和停止的时间、睑反射消失时间、对夹尾刺激的阴性反应时间和气管插管时间，并测量心肺变量。
与未使用术前用药的面罩诱导相比，接受每种术前用药的犬使用七氟醚进行面罩诱导导致诱导时间更短，心率、平均动脉血压、心输出量和呼吸频率的变化更轻微。与乙酰丙嗪-布托啡诺或咪达唑仑-布托啡诺治疗相比，美托咪定-咪达唑仑治疗导致诱导更短且更平稳，而心血管变化更大。乙酰丙嗪-布托啡诺或咪达唑仑-布托啡诺治疗后诱导期间犬的心肺变量维持在接近七氟醚麻醉维持值的水平，但乙酰丙嗪-布托啡诺治疗后的犬出现轻度低血压。
在犬中，术前用药可使七氟醚面罩诱导更平稳且质量更高。
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