Technical developments and a team approach leads to an improved outcome: lessons learnt implementing laparoscopic splenectomy.

BACKGROUND

To document the technical aspects, outcome and lessons learnt during the learning curve phase of implementing laparoscopic splenectomy, by comparing the results before and after the introduction of a standardized technique.

METHODS

We present a retrospective and prospective review of laparoscopic splenectomies over a 4-year period. Two chronological periods were studied, before and after the implementation of a standardized technique of a laparoscopic splenectomy involving: (i) hilar dissection with ultrasonic shears; (ii) two experienced laparoscopic surgeons; and (iii) trained dedicated equipment and staff using a checklist approach in the preparation and conduct of the operation. Two groups of patients were studied relating to the periods before and after the implementation of a standardized technique. Statistical methods used were the Wilcoxon's rank sum test and the two-sample test.

RESULTS

Thirty-one laparoscopic splenectomies were attempted. The most common indication was for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. When comparing the early phase (n = 15) with the standardized technique phase (n = 16), there was a significant reduction in conversion rates (40% vs 6%), operating times (218 min vs 171 min), complication rates (6 cases including 1 death vs none) and length of stay (11 days vs 4 days). The results were significant for reduction in hospital stay, conversion rates and complications rates.

CONCLUSIONS

A reduction in conversion rates, operating time, morbidity and length of stay was realized during the learning curve of implementing laparoscopic splenectomy by adopting a standardized technique. This technique involved hilar dissection using the ultrasonic shears, two experienced laparoscopic surgeons performing the surgery, dedicated equipment and trained staff using the checklist approach. We recommend such a standardized technique in performing laparoscopic splenectomy.